Question 1

Multiple biological traits:

Accepted Answer

A)   do not lead to clear-cut racial classifications.
B)   are race specific.
C)   help with biological profiling.
D)   do not exist in humans.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Wolff's law:

Accepted Answer

A)   is the principle that the lengths of limb bones are related to environmental conditions.
B)   applies to the maintenance of the endocrine system.
C)   accounts for the remodeling of bone when it is under stress.
D)   says that bone mass is taken away where it is needed and produced where it is not needed.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Acclimatization:

Accepted Answer

A)   occurs at the individual level throughout an individual's lifetime.
B)   occurs at the individual level during childhood.
C)   involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
D)   occurs at the population level via natural selection.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Although Allen's and Bergmann's rules most often explain body shape and morphology, we occasionally see variations from the correct patterns. This indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization.
B)   body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes.
C)   the association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors.
D)   the association between body shape, morphology, and the environment is not a result of natural selection.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

The maintenance of homeostasis:

Accepted Answer

A)   involves all levels of any organism's biology.
B)   involves the study of populations in their natural environments.
C)   involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
D)   involves the replication of environmental conditions and human responses to those conditions.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 6

The postnatal stage of adolescence includes:

Accepted Answer

A)   stability in physiology, behavior, and cognition.
B)   decline in function of tissue and many organs.
C)   eruption of dentition and increased brain growth.
D)   development of secondary sex characteristics and interest in adult social, sexual, and economic behaviors.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in:

Accepted Answer

A)   Africa.
B)   Europe.
C)   South America.
D)   Australia.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Is race a valid, biologically meaningful concept? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The classification of human variation in...

Question 9

R.C. Lewontin found that human "races" have no taxonomic significance. He demonstrated this:

Accepted Answer

A)   through research indicating that most genetic variation is found among human races.
B)   through research indicating that most genetic variation is found across human populations.
C)   through the examination of variation in multiple human skull characteristics.
D)   through research that examined genetic diversity across different species of mammals.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Sexual maturation or puberty is marked by:

Accepted Answer

A)   menarche in girls.
B)   similar body size in boys and girls.
C)   completion of brain growth.
D)   adult social roles.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

The postnatal stage includes:

Accepted Answer

A)   the first, second and third trimesters.
B)   menarche and senescence.
C)   the growth of the deciduous teeth, motor skills, and cognitive abilities.
D)   the human growth cycle from the embryo stage.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following is related to the biological process of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A)   senescence
B)   Wolff's law
C)   osteoporosis
D)   adult stageE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

For women with very low body weight, high amounts of exercise can result in:

Accepted Answer

A)   increased female fertility.
B)   increased ovarian function.
C)   reduced ability to conceive relative to women who do not exercise.
D)   higher rates of conception than in women who do not exercise.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Hypoxia has been shown to be an agent of natural selection in that Tibetan women:

Accepted Answer

A)   at high altitudes had fewer surviving children.
B)   with alleles for high oxygen saturation in their hemoglobin had more surviving children.
C)   with alleles for high oxygen saturation in their hemoglobin had fewer surviving children.
D)   have poor nutrition.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

An indirect approach to the study of homeostasis:

Accepted Answer

A)   involves the study of populations in their natural environments.
B)   involves all levels of any organism's biology.
C)   involves using material culture to make living possible in certain settings.
D)   involves the replication of environmental conditions and human responses to those conditions.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Sexual dimorphism:

Accepted Answer

A)   refers to the onset of puberty.
B)   refers to the difference between male and female behavior.
C)   refers to the development of male and female primary characteristics.
D)   refers to the difference in physical attributes of males and females.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Discuss how natural selection has likely influenced the evolution of skin color in humans.

Accepted Answer

Functional adaptations during the indivi...

Question 18

Johann Friedrich Blumenbach:

Accepted Answer

A)   discovered the existence of three races.
B)   categorized skulls into five racial types.
C)   used blood types and skin colors to create a racial taxonomy for humans.
D)   showed that skull shape changed over time.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Relative to people with a history of living in temperate climates, the Inuit and other cold-adapted populations:

Accepted Answer

A)   have lower BMR.
B)   consume more carbohydrates.
C)   reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures.
D)   have short limbs and large bodies.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than children living at lower altitudes. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   environmental adaptations that occur at the individual level.
B)   acclimatization at the individual level.
C)   developmental adaptations that occur at the level of the individual during critical life stages.
D)   inheritance of increases in lung volume by high-altitude populations.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 5: Biology in the Present: Living People

Hypoxia has been shown to be an agent of natural selection in that Tibetan women:

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Johann Friedrich Blumenbach:

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The postnatal stage of adolescence includes:

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Relative to people with a history of living in temperate climates, the Inuit and other cold-adapted populations:

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The postnatal stage includes:

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Acclimatization:

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Sexual maturation or puberty is marked by:

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Although Allen's and Bergmann's rules most often explain body shape and morphology, we occasionally see variations from the correct patterns. This indicates that:

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For women with very low body weight, high amounts of exercise can result in:

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Which of the following is related to the biological process of homeostasis?

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Wolff's law:

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Is race a valid, biologically meaningful concept? Why or why not?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe classification of human variation in...View AnswerShow Answer

Natural selection favored alleles for light skin in:

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Discuss how natural selection has likely influenced the evolution of skin color in humans.

Correct AnswerverifiedFunctional adaptations during the indivi...View AnswerShow Answer

Sexual dimorphism:

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The maintenance of homeostasis:

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Multiple biological traits:

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An indirect approach to the study of homeostasis:

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R.C. Lewontin found that human "races" have no taxonomic significance. He demonstrated this:

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Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than children living at lower altitudes. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The classification of human variation in...
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Functional adaptations during the indivi...
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