Question 1

One historical example of the "different-equals-deficit error" is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   men perceiving women as intellectually inferior
B)   European immigrants crossing the ocean to settle in America
C)   how people's IQ scores have been steadily rising for more than 100 years
D)   women taking factory jobs during World War IIE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 2

What is plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A)   a time in development when it is optimum to develop certain traits or abilities
B)   the amount of flexibility a human possesses at birth
C)   the idea that human traits may change or stay the same over time
D)   the idea that human traits are mostly inbornE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

What is a researcher's first step when designing a research study on children's language acquisition?

Accepted Answer

A)   recruit children and their parents as participants in the study
B)   develop a hypothesis on the way language is acquired in children
C)   pose a research question about language acquisition
D)   draw conclusions on the way children acquire languageE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Dorothy was born during the Great Depression. Within the context of the ecological-systems approach, knowing this fact allows one to know about her _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   chronosystem.
B)   exosystem.
C)   microsystem.
D)   macrosystem.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The first step in the scientific method involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   posing a question
B)   conducting research
C)   supporting or refuting a hypothesis
D)   developing a hypothesisE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

With respect to the concept of multidirectional development, when change is rapid and dramatic, such as when a larva becomes a mosquito, it is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   continuity
B)   discontinuity
C)   genetics
D)   nurtureE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Dr. Seldor does a study in which she finds that alcohol consumption is correlated to an increased risk of diabetes. She publishes her results. Then Dr. Al-Jaher does the same study using different participants in another nation. Dr. Al-Jaher's work is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   scientific controversy
B)   replication
C)   empirical evidence
D)   a hypothesisE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

An example of a dependent variable in an experiment might be _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   gender
B)   blood type
C)   eye color
D)   level of depressionE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Within Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, he called the historical context that affects other systems the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   ecosystem
B)   chronosystem
C)   mesosystem
D)   macrosystemE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

A correlation does not indicate that one variable causes the other to occur; rather, it indicates that there is a _____ between the two variables.

Accepted Answer

A)   proof
B)   validity
C)   reliability
D)   relationshipE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

An individual's socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   ethnicity
B)   education level
C)   political beliefs
D)   religionE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

If a researcher finds a positive correlation between school grades and school attendance, one can conclude that _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   high attendance and high grades occur together
B)   high attendance causes high grades
C)   high attendance rarely means high grades
D)   high grades cause high attendanceE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Dr. Henderson is curious to know more about how children develop over time. To gain an understanding of this subject not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Henderson should _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   use the scientific method to collect data and establish facts
B)   have the children undergo psychoanalysis
C)   talk with many children's parents
D)   read Dr. Spock's book, Baby and Child CareE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Dr. Kong does a study in which he finds that smoking is correlated to an increased risk of high blood pressure. He publishes his results. Then Dr. Meco does the same study using different participants in another city. Dr. Meco's work is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   scientific controversy
B)   replication
C)   ethics
D)   observationE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

Which example best illustrates a critical period?

Accepted Answer

A)   a child learning to walk
B)   a child learning a second language before age 4
C)   a fetus developing fingers and toes between 28 and 54 days in utero
D)   a child learning to ride a bike between 5 and 6 years of ageE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A correlation is considered to be zero if _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   one variable increases while the other decreases
B)   both variables decrease
C)   both variables increase
D)   there is no connection between the variablesE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

A system of shared beliefs, conventions, norms, behaviors, expectations, and symbolic representations is the definition of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   a cohort
B)   culture
C)   nature
D)   nurtureE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

The people in which group are DEFINITELY members of the same cohort?

Accepted Answer

A)   women who are pilots
B)   men with learning disabilities
C)   citizens of the United States
D)   current middle school studentsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

An individual's socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   ethnicity
B)   political beliefs
C)   neighborhood
D)   religionE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

If a researcher watches 1-week-old babies and records how many times they open and close their eyes while lying in their cribs, he is most likely using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the case-study method
B)   a controlled experiment
C)   cross-sectional research
D)   scientific observationE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 1: Seciton 3: Introduction

An individual's socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The people in which group are DEFINITELY members of the same cohort?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Henderson is curious to know more about how children develop over time. To gain an understanding of this subject not based on opinion or personal bias, Dr. Henderson should _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A system of shared beliefs, conventions, norms, behaviors, expectations, and symbolic representations is the definition of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation does not indicate that one variable causes the other to occur; rather, it indicates that there is a _____ between the two variables.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a researcher's first step when designing a research study on children's language acquisition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With respect to the concept of multidirectional development, when change is rapid and dramatic, such as when a larva becomes a mosquito, it is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An individual's socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Kong does a study in which he finds that smoking is correlated to an increased risk of high blood pressure. He publishes his results. Then Dr. Meco does the same study using different participants in another city. Dr. Meco's work is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher watches 1-week-old babies and records how many times they open and close their eyes while lying in their cribs, he is most likely using _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One historical example of the "different-equals-deficit error" is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A correlation is considered to be zero if _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of a dependent variable in an experiment might be _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dorothy was born during the Great Depression. Within the context of the ecological-systems approach, knowing this fact allows one to know about her _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, he called the historical context that affects other systems the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which example best illustrates a critical period?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Seldor does a study in which she finds that alcohol consumption is correlated to an increased risk of diabetes. She publishes her results. Then Dr. Al-Jaher does the same study using different participants in another nation. Dr. Al-Jaher's work is an example of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first step in the scientific method involves _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a researcher finds a positive correlation between school grades and school attendance, one can conclude that _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is plasticity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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