Question 1

Which one of the following is the best example of a student attributing success to an internal factor?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nita has just gotten an A on her final exam in world history and is feeling very grateful to the teacher for her good grade.
B)   Polly's teacher has just told her that she will be the group leader for her reading group next quarter. Polly is glad her teacher is in a good mood today.
C)   Renata has just gotten a good grade on her math test and is glad that her mother got her a math tutor.
D)   Sue Ellen has just gotten a good grade on her geography test; she's proud that she did so well and glad that she studied hard.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 2

Which one of the following students most clearly has a work-avoidance goal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Last night Frederick stayed up so late watching television that he can hardly stay awake in class.
B)   Loni is so active in student government that she often doesn't have time to get her homework done.
C)   Chris asks for his teacher's help on a task he is perfectly capable of doing on his own.
D)   Nancy wonders why she has to work harder than her friends to get the same grades they do.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Mr. James gives weekly quizzes in his social studies classes. Which one of the following boys is most likely to develop learned helplessness about his performance on those quizzes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alan usually gets As on the quizzes, but he once wrote down the wrong reading assignment and so failed a quiz over material he hadn't read.
B)   Benjamin studies very hard, but due to a reading disability he has trouble understanding what he reads and usually fails the quizzes in spite of his efforts.
C)   Corin never studies for the quizzes because he thinks social studies is a boring subject.
D)   Darren usually gets at least a C on the quizzes, but he rarely does as well as his friend Eddie.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Which one of the following attributions can be classified as internal, stable, and, uncontrollable?

Accepted Answer

A)   Believing that getting the highest test score in class was all a matter of luck
B)   Knowing you did poorly on an assignment because you didn't give it your best shot
C)   Thinking your teacher is too hard a grader
D)   Concluding that you just weren't cut out to be an athleteE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Considering research regarding when the effects teacher-expectation are most likely to occur, which teachers should be most careful to communicate high expectations for students' performance?

Accepted Answer

A)   First and second grade teachers
B)   Third and fourth grade teachers
C)   Teachers of students who are beginning their second year of high school
D)   Teachers of students who are finishing their final year of high schoolE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Marlita failed her English literature exam. Given what research tells us about the role of self-protective bias as a factor affecting students' attributions, how is Marlita least likely to explain her failure?

Accepted Answer

A)   She had bad luck.
B)   She didn't study enough.
C)   The teacher writes bad exams.
D)   The room was too noisy during the exam.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Virginia is 7 years old. Georgia is 14 years old. Both girls like to write short stories, but neither is a very writer. Virginia is more likely than Georgia to believe that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Good writing is all a matter of luck.
B)   She has little chance of ever writing professionally.
C)   She can become an excellent writer if she continues to work at it.
D)   Professional writing is beyond the reach of all but a few very talented individuals.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Roxanne and her teammates consistently lose basketball games by a very close margin. Roxanne believes that their losses are always due to bad calls by the referees. With this information and the typical nature of students' attributions in mind, identify the statement below that is most likely to be an accurate description of Roxanne?

Accepted Answer

A)   She feels guilty about not practicing harder.
B)   She feels resentment toward the referees.
C)   She has decreasing self-confidence about her ability to play basketball.
D)   She intends to ask her coach for suggestions about how to improve her game.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Which one of the following students clearly has a performance goal rather than a mastery goal?

Accepted Answer

A)   Alicia is working very hard at basketball practice because she wants to her classmates to think she is a good player.
B)   Ben doesn't like going to the dentist and often cries when his mother takes him to his appointments.
C)   Casey loves being with her friends and is very popular.
D)   Dean likes to play basketball when he comes home after school and often forgets to do his homework.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for forming expectations and attributions for student performance. Which one is not consistent with the textbook's recommendations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Assume that every student has one or more areas of strength.
B)   Communicate the belief that learning more effective strategies may help students perform more successfully.
C)   Depend primarily on informal, subjective impressions to assess students' achievement.
D)   Keep in mind that teachers can make a significant difference in students' lives.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Mona is showing signs of learned helplessness. Which one of the following would we be least likely to see her do?

Accepted Answer

A)   Learn more slowly than other children.
B)   Be slow to exhibit behaviors that are likely to be reinforced.
C)   Express anger and aggression.
D)   Be fearful and withdrawn.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

If we consider factors that promote interest, three of the following teaching strategies should be beneficial. Which one will not be beneficial?

Accepted Answer

A)   Intersperse boring material with entertaining jokes about your personal life.
B)   Assign works of fiction that feature a character with whom students can identify.
C)   Make some classroom tasks challenging but accomplishable.
D)   Choose a textbook that presents information in a clear, coherent fashion.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Shawn has to run the 50-yard dash in physical education. He thinks he has little chance of winning the race but worries about what his friends will think when he loses. Considering research about learners who have an entity view of ability, select the course of action Shawn is most likely to follow.

Accepted Answer

A)   Try to stay right behind the fastest runner.
B)   Intentionally run slowly.
C)   Run as hard as he can but make excuses about why he lost.
D)   Run as hard as he can and convince himself that he won the race even though he didn't.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which one of the following exemplifies situational interest rather than personal interest?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adam finds the Guinness Book of World Records on the shelf and is intrigued by the strange people it describes.
B)   Blaine can't think of anything he'd rather do than play poker with his friends.
C)   Chuck spends every Saturday and Sunday working on the 1951 Chevy in his garage.
D)   Dave loves to snorkel and hopes to be a marine biologist when he finishes college.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

When 15-year-old Valerie discovers that she earned an A on last week's assignment, she expresses pride to her teacher and explains that she worked very hard on it. On the way home from school, however, she tells her friends that she didn't put much effort into the project at all and so is quite surprised about her high grade. From the perspective of research on attributions and image management, how can we best explain Valerie's conflicting statements?

Accepted Answer

A)   She suspects that her friends have performance goals rather than mastery goals, and she is trying to go along with the crowd.
B)   She knows that her teacher is more likely than her friends to have an entity view of intelligence, and she tailors her explanations accordingly.
C)   She knows that her teacher values hard work but that her friends do not, and she tailors her explanations accordingly.
D)   Her social goals are taking precedence over her achievement goals on both occasions.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

A learner's expectancy about success in the classroom is influenced by three of the following factors. Which one will probably be least influential?

Accepted Answer

A)   How successful the learner has been in the past
B)   How helpful the learner thinks the teacher's instruction will be
C)   Whether the learner has set short-term or long-term goals
D)   How much effort the learner thinks will be necessary to succeedE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

From an expectancies/values perspective, which one of the following activities are you least likely to value?

Accepted Answer

A)   One that will gain the admiration of your peers
B)   One to which you'll have to devote most of your time in order to succeed
C)   One that you don't enjoy but is important for career success
D)   One that will enable you to obtain desired reinforcementE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

In which one of the following situations does a teacher's behavior reflect low expectations for a student's classroom performance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ms. Littlefield assigns Owen a difficult math problem.
B)   Mr. Oya frequently engages René in conversation before class.
C)   Ms. Ingalls rarely gives Joseph any feedback about his performance.
D)   Mr. Montoya gives Mei-Yau many opportunities to answer questions in class.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the differences between people with a mastery orientation and those with learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

A)   People with a mastery orientation expect that they will have to work extremely hard to master new tasks. People with learned helplessness usually overestimate their abilities.
B)   People with a mastery orientation set easily attainable goals and become frustrated when they don't attain those goals effortlessly. People with learned helplessness set goals that are almost impossible to attain.
C)   People with a mastery orientation attribute their successes to external, uncontrollable factors. People with an attitude of learned helplessness attribute failures to internal, controllable factors.
D)   People with a mastery orientation set high goals and seek challenges. People with learned helplessness underestimate their ability and set low goals.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Three of the following statements accurately describe how a child can acquire learned helplessness in a particular domain. Which statement is not a likely explanation of learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

A)   A child has consistently focused on mastery goals, without regard for important performance goals.
B)   A child has consistently encountered failure despite hard work and persistence.
C)   A parent has consistently encouraged a child to give up when success doesn't come quickly and easily.
D)   A child sees most or all peers consistently encountering failure in the domain.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 15: Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Which one of the following students clearly has a performance goal rather than a mastery goal?

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following attributions can be classified as internal, stable, and, uncontrollable?

Correct Answer
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Which one of the following alternatives best describes the differences between people with a mastery orientation and those with learned helplessness?

Correct Answer
verified

A learner's expectancy about success in the classroom is influenced by three of the following factors. Which one will probably be least influential?

Correct Answer
verified

Shawn has to run the 50-yard dash in physical education. He thinks he has little chance of winning the race but worries about what his friends will think when he loses. Considering research about learners who have an entity view of ability, select the course of action Shawn is most likely to follow.

Correct Answer
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Which one of the following students most clearly has a work-avoidance goal?

Correct Answer
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Mona is showing signs of learned helplessness. Which one of the following would we be least likely to see her do?

Correct Answer
verified

Marlita failed her English literature exam. Given what research tells us about the role of self-protective bias as a factor affecting students' attributions, how is Marlita least likely to explain her failure?

Correct Answer
verified

Virginia is 7 years old. Georgia is 14 years old. Both girls like to write short stories, but neither is a very writer. Virginia is more likely than Georgia to believe that:

Correct Answer
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Which one of the following exemplifies situational interest rather than personal interest?

Correct Answer
verified

Mr. James gives weekly quizzes in his social studies classes. Which one of the following boys is most likely to develop learned helplessness about his performance on those quizzes?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which one of the following is the best example of a student attributing success to an internal factor?

Correct Answer
verified

If we consider factors that promote interest, three of the following teaching strategies should be beneficial. Which one will not be beneficial?

Correct Answer
verified

Considering research regarding when the effects teacher-expectation are most likely to occur, which teachers should be most careful to communicate high expectations for students' performance?

Correct Answer
verified

Three of the following statements accurately describe how a child can acquire learned helplessness in a particular domain. Which statement is not a likely explanation of learned helplessness?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

From an expectancies/values perspective, which one of the following activities are you least likely to value?

Correct Answer
verified

In which one of the following situations does a teacher's behavior reflect low expectations for a student's classroom performance?

Correct Answer
verified

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for forming expectations and attributions for student performance. Which one is not consistent with the textbook's recommendations?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Cognitive Factors in Motivation

Which one of the following students clearly has a performance goal rather than a mastery goal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following attributions can be classified as internal, stable, and, uncontrollable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following alternatives best describes the differences between people with a mastery orientation and those with learned helplessness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A learner's expectancy about success in the classroom is influenced by three of the following factors. Which one will probably be least influential?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following students most clearly has a work-avoidance goal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mona is showing signs of learned helplessness. Which one of the following would we be least likely to see her do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marlita failed her English literature exam. Given what research tells us about the role of self-protective bias as a factor affecting students' attributions, how is Marlita least likely to explain her failure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virginia is 7 years old. Georgia is 14 years old. Both girls like to write short stories, but neither is a very writer. Virginia is more likely than Georgia to believe that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following exemplifies situational interest rather than personal interest?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr. James gives weekly quizzes in his social studies classes. Which one of the following boys is most likely to develop learned helplessness about his performance on those quizzes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is the best example of a student attributing success to an internal factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If we consider factors that promote interest, three of the following teaching strategies should be beneficial. Which one will not be beneficial?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering research regarding when the effects teacher-expectation are most likely to occur, which teachers should be most careful to communicate high expectations for students' performance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three of the following statements accurately describe how a child can acquire learned helplessness in a particular domain. Which statement is not a likely explanation of learned helplessness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From an expectancies/values perspective, which one of the following activities are you least likely to value?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which one of the following situations does a teacher's behavior reflect low expectations for a student's classroom performance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for forming expectations and attributions for student performance. Which one is not consistent with the textbook's recommendations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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