Question 1

The term sex typically refers to whether someone is biologically male or female.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Mark was upset because he only got half a sandwich while his older sister got two halves of a sandwich. After his mother cut his half sandwich into two pieces, Mark was perfectly happy. Mark is probably in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor
B)   preoperational
C)   concrete operational
D)   formal operationalE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Between the ages of five and eight months, infants are able to stand alone without support.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

As Tim was swinging his toy hammer, the hammer flew out of his hand and landed behind the couch and out of view. Rather than look for it, Tim acted as though the hammer no longer existed. Tim's behavior suggests that he is in the _____ of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)   preoperational stage
B)   concrete operational stage
C)   formal operational stage
D)   sensorimotor stageE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Infants acquire production vocabulary almost twice as fast as they acquire comprehension vocabulary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Define social learning theory and gender schema theory, and discuss how each theory explains the development of gender roles.

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory, proposed by Albe...

Question 7

The term proximodistal trend refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)   very distinct and consistent behavioral styles with which infants come into the world.
B)   tendency of infants to develop motor control from the center of their bodies outward.
C)   fact that physical and motor skill development in infants tends to follow a top-to-bottom sequence.
D)   fact that each infant has his or her own timetable of physical maturation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Lawrence Kohlberg is best known for:

Accepted Answer

A)   formulating the gender schema theory of development.
B)   proposing the psychosocial theory of development throughout the lifespan.
C)   his research with infants showing that object permanence emerges at an earlier age than previously believed.
D)   proposing an influential theory of moral development.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Renée Baillargeon has conducted research on the cognitive abilities of very young infants. Baillargeon's research is based on which of the following premises?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants will turn away from events that they find puzzling or confusing.
B)   Infants will notice and pay attention to events which violate their expectations.
C)   Infants express their cognitive abilities through their physical actions.
D)   Infants' comprehension vocabulary is much larger than their production vocabulary.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

A century and a half ago, in the United States and in other developed countries, the average age of menarche was 17.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the postconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning guided by conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

According to Erik Erikson, what critical psychosocial conflict does the adolescent face, and how is the psychosocial conflict successfully resolved?

Accepted Answer

According to Erik Erikson, the critical ...

Question 13

Kyle is eight years old, and when playing games with his classmates, he believes that they should all obey the rules of the games so that it is fair for everyone. Kyle's beliefs reflect which level in Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)   the preoperational level
B)   the conventional level
C)   the formal operational level
D)   the preconventional levelE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The best known, although not the most common, pattern of allele variation is the simple:

Accepted Answer

A)   karyotype variation.
B)   dominant-recessive gene pair.
C)   chromosomal version.
D)   germinal gene pair.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is the fluid-filled sac that houses the developing embryo and fetus.
B)   It forms during the seventh month of prenatal development.
C)   It is fully developed about six months after birth.
D)   It prevents the mother's blood from mixing with the blood of the developing embryo and fetus.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

The main difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of development is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   Vygotsky's theory supplies additional evidence for Piaget's conclusions.
B)   Piaget stressed the child's independent discoveries, whereas Vygotsky stressed that supportive interactions with parents and others play a key role in cognitive development.
C)   Vygotsky stressed the independent efforts of the child, whereas Piaget stressed formal learning experiences.
D)   the stages of cognitive development in Vygotsky's theory occur at much earlier ages than the corresponding stages in Piaget's theory.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following statements best represents contemporary thinking on the nature-nurture issue?

Accepted Answer

A)   Environmental factors can determine the expression of genetic potential, but only during infancy.
B)   The relationship between genetics and environment is interactive; each influences the other.
C)   While genetic factors determine personality, environmental factors determine intelligence and cognitive ability.
D)   Genetic factors alone determine physical appearance, including height and weight, but only environmental factors influence personality characteristics.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Katie is just nine months old. If she is like most normal infants her age, she will be able to stand while holding on to a chair or some other support structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In adolescence, personal identity tends to shift from the _____ self-descriptions that characterize childhood to more _____ self-descriptions.

Accepted Answer

A)   concrete; abstract
B)   abstract; concrete
C)   fixed; flexible
D)   imaginary; realisticE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Carol Gilligan's main criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   it reflects a male perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in women.
B)   it places too much emphasis on the ethic of care and responsibility and not enough on the ethic of individual rights and justice.
C)   it reflects a female perspective that may not accurately depict the development of moral reasoning in men.
D)   it places too much emphasis on the concept of interdependence and concern for the overall welfare of others rather than on the more common individualistic ideals of Western culture.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 9: Lifespan Development

Carol Gilligan's main criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that:

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Define social learning theory and gender schema theory, and discuss how each theory explains the development of gender roles.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISocial learning theory, proposed by Albe...View AnswerShow Answer

As Tim was swinging his toy hammer, the hammer flew out of his hand and landed behind the couch and out of view. Rather than look for it, Tim acted as though the hammer no longer existed. Tim's behavior suggests that he is in the _____ of cognitive development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renée Baillargeon has conducted research on the cognitive abilities of very young infants. Baillargeon's research is based on which of the following premises?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of development is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A century and a half ago, in the United States and in other developed countries, the average age of menarche was 17.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Between the ages of five and eight months, infants are able to stand alone without support.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term sex typically refers to whether someone is biologically male or female.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In adolescence, personal identity tends to shift from the _____ self-descriptions that characterize childhood to more _____ self-descriptions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE of the placenta?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erik Erikson, what critical psychosocial conflict does the adolescent face, and how is the psychosocial conflict successfully resolved?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIAccording to Erik Erikson, the critical ...View AnswerShow Answer

The term proximodistal trend refers to the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kyle is eight years old, and when playing games with his classmates, he believes that they should all obey the rules of the games so that it is fair for everyone. Kyle's beliefs reflect which level in Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Katie is just nine months old. If she is like most normal infants her age, she will be able to stand while holding on to a chair or some other support structure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark was upset because he only got half a sandwich while his older sister got two halves of a sandwich. After his mother cut his half sandwich into two pieces, Mark was perfectly happy. Mark is probably in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best represents contemporary thinking on the nature-nurture issue?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg is best known for:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning, the postconventional level is characterized by moral reasoning guided by conformity to social roles, rules, obligations, and expectations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best known, although not the most common, pattern of allele variation is the simple:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infants acquire production vocabulary almost twice as fast as they acquire comprehension vocabulary.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Social learning theory, proposed by Albe...
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In adolescence, personal identity tends to shift from the _ self-descriptions that characterize childhood to more _ self-descriptions.

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According to Erik Erikson, the critical ...
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