Question 1

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in poor soil? The root system of a plant grown by hydroponics would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   more developed
B)   less developed
C)   about the same
D)   absentE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell
B)   Apical meristem; vascular cambium
C)   Vessel element; sieve-tube member
D)   Cortex; pith
E)   Vascular cambium; cork cambiumF) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 3

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem
B)   root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not
C)   a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots
D)   vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves
E)   leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do notF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

The veins of leaves are ________.
I. composed of xylem and phloem
II. continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots
III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

Accepted Answer

A)   only I
B)   only II
C)   only III
D)   I and III
E)   I, II, and IIIF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 5

Axillary buds ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are produced by the cork cambium
B)   have dormant meristematic cells
C)   are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes
D)   give rise to secondary xylem
E)   do not form a vascular connection with the primary shootF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell division at the shoot apical meristem
B)   cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem
C)   cell division localized in each internode
D)   cell elongation localized in each internode
E)   cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristemF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

A)   Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the outside of the bark.
B)   Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium.
C)   Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the outside of the bark.
D)   Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central "trunks" of this cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified ________ used for water storage and spines are modified ________ used for protection.

Accepted Answer

A)   stems; leaves
B)   leaves; leaves
C)   petioles; leaf blades
D)   leaf blades; trichomes
E)   stems; fruitsF) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   attract pollinators
B)   absorb ions
C)   photosynthesize
D)   produce more cells
E)   produce flowersF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

When comparing root systems of corn plants growing on a square foot in a fertilized and irrigated cornfield with the root systems of natural prairie plants growing in a meadow, what result do you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A)   The overall mass of roots will be identical in a cornfield and on a meadow.
B)   The mass and length of roots in a cornfield will be higher because soil is fertilized.
C)   The mass and length of roots on a meadow will be higher because soil is poorer and there is a higher diversity of plants.
D)   The overall mass of roots on a meadow will be lower but the length will be higher since roots need to grow deeper to reach nutrients.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Trichomes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves
B)   open and close for gas exchange
C)   repel or trap insects
D)   increase water loss from leavesE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem. This means that monocots ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are much less efficient at conducting water and sugars
B)   have very thin stems
C)   do not produce wood in annual rings
D)   cannot produce lateral shootsE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

The surface area of a plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. The extensive surface area of roots is an adaptation associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   contact with soil particles for mineral and water absorption
B)   the internal structure of the vascular tissue in roots
C)   the storage of nutrients within the root system
D)   the release of carbon dioxide generated by photosynthesis
E)   the fact that roots absorb materials while shoots do notF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem)  outward, you would cross, in order, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark
B)   the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm
C)   the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem
D)   the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium
E)   the summer wood, bark, and phloemF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)   herbaceous eudicot
B)   woody eudicot
C)   woody monocot
D)   herbaceous monocot
E)   woody annualF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 16

Which type of modified stems grow horizontally belowground and produce new plants at nodes?

Accepted Answer

A)   blades
B)   tubers
C)   stolons
D)   thorns
E)   rhizomesF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)   a sclereid
B)   a parenchyma cell near the root tip
C)   a functional sieve-tube element
D)   a tracheid
E)   a stem fiberF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.5
B)   1.5
C)   3.0
D)   15.0
E)   28.5F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   vascular cambium, producing cork, and cork cambium, producing secondary phloem
B)   vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem, and cork cambium, producing secondary phloem
C)   vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem, and cork cambium, producing cork
D)   vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem, and cork cambium, producing secondary xylemE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   perennial
B)   weedy
C)   indeterminate
D)   derivative
E)   primaryF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Exam 34: Plant Form and Function

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central "trunks" of this cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified ________ used for water storage and spines are modified ________ used for protection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trichomes ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Axillary buds ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in poor soil? The root system of a plant grown by hydroponics would be ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The surface area of a plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. The extensive surface area of roots is an adaptation associated with ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of modified stems grow horizontally belowground and produce new plants at nodes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing root systems of corn plants growing on a square foot in a fertilized and irrigated cornfield with the root systems of natural prairie plants growing in a meadow, what result do you expect to see?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem. This means that monocots ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The veins of leaves are ________. I. composed of xylem and phloem II. continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central "trunks" of this cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified used for water storage and spines are modified used for protection.

Correct Answer
verified

is to xylem as is to phloem.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified