Question 1

2-________ receptors involve the direct opening of an ion channel, whereas metabotropic
receptors involve the action of second messenger molecules inside the postsynaptic cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2-________ receptors involve the direct opening of...

Question 2

_______ neurons function to contract muscles.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sensory
B)   Motor
C)   Inter-
D)   Relay
E)   LocalF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters,

Accepted Answer

A)   extracellular sodium concentrations are kept low.
B)   intracellular sodium concentrations are kept very high.
C)   extracellular potassium concentrations are kept very high.
D)   intracellular sodium concentrations are kept low.
E)   very little energy is required to maintain ionic differences across the membrane.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 4

________ are bead-like structures that extract energy from nutrients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are bead-like structures that extract energy...

Question 5

Movement of _______ ions _______ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

Accepted Answer

A)   chloride; out of
B)   sodium; into
C)   potassium; into
D)   organic; into
E)   sodium; out ofF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D. was

Accepted Answer

A)   severe nausea.
B)   inability to sleep.
C)   muscle weakness.
D)   distortions of memory.
E)   difficulty in recognizing facial displays of emotion.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following represents a correct match between a neuronal organelle and its function?

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondria; extraction of energy
B)   Golgi apparatus; extraction of energy
C)   endoplasmic reticulum; breakdown of proteins
D)   microtubules; transport of chemicals through the cell membrane
E)   mitochondria; formation of vesiclesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Explain why the termination step of the neural communication process is a key target for therapeutic drugs.

Accepted Answer

Autoreceptors are sensitive to the trans...

Question 9

The interior of a neuron at rest

Accepted Answer

A)   has the same ionic concentrations as the outside.
B)   is at the same voltage potential as the outside.
C)   has a higher sodium concentration than outside.
D)   is negatively charged relative to the outside.
E)   has a lower potassium concentration than outside.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)   oligodendrocytes.
B)   microglia.
C)   astrocytes.
D)   neurocytes.
E)   Schwann cells.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

The function of a _______ in a giant squid physiology experiment is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   microelectrode; inject potassium ions into the axon
B)   voltmeter; stimulate the interior of the axon
C)   microelectrode; compare the electric charge of the interior with that of the exterior
D)   voltmeter; compare the electric charge of the interior with that of the exterior
E)   microelectrode; dampen the electric charge within the axonF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

_______ are charged particles formed when an electrolyte dissolves in water.

Accepted Answer

A)   Ions
B)   Solvents
C)   Transmitters
D)   Electrons
E)   SolutesF) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 13

The nucleus of the nerve cell is located within the

Accepted Answer

A)   soma.
B)   axon.
C)   axon terminals.
D)   dendrites.
E)   mitochondria.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Loss of dendritic branches on _______ would be expected to impair the ability to sense temperature and touch.

Accepted Answer

A)   bipolar neurons
B)   multipolar neurons
C)   unipolar neurons
D)   apolar neurons
E)   motor neuronsF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Presynaptic facilitation is associated with _______ synapses and involves a(n)  _______ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

Accepted Answer

A)   axodendritic; decrease
B)   axosomatic; increase
C)   gap junction; decrease
D)   axoaxonic; increase
E)   gap junction; increaseF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

2- As it conducts along the axon membrane toward the terminal buttons, a subthreshold depolarization ________ in size.

Accepted Answer

The answer of 2- As it conducts along the axon...

Question 17

Motor neurons control the activity of the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Motor neurons control the activity of the...

Question 18

Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

Accepted Answer

A)   Myelin changes the height of the action potential.
B)   Myelin increases the energy requirements of the nerve cell.
C)   Myelin slows down conduction speed.
D)   Myelin reduces the threshold for induction of an action potential.
E)   Myelin speeds up axon conduction speed.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dendrograde transport involves moving substances from the dendrites to the soma.
B)   Retrograde transport involves moving substances from the soma to the axon terminals.
C)   The kinesin molecule is involved in anterograde transport.
D)   Retrograde transport is twice as fast as anterograde transport.
E)   The dynein molecule is involved in anterograde transport.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

With regard to release of neurotransmitter in the brain, "kiss and run" refers to the situation in which the vesicle

Accepted Answer

A)   releases most of its contents into the cleft and the vesicle remains attached to the presynaptic membrane.
B)   closes before releasing any molecules and then moves to the cell interior.
C)   remains open until the next action potential.
D)   releases most of its contents into the cleft after which the vesicle breaks away from the presynaptic membrane and is refilled.
E)   merges completely with the presynaptic membrane.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Exam 2: Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Myelination of brain nerve axon membranes is accomplished by

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_______ are charged particles formed when an electrolyte dissolves in water.

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Which of the following was suggested as an advantage associated with myelination?

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2- As it conducts along the axon membrane toward the terminal buttons, a subthreshold depolarization ________ in size.

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The nucleus of the nerve cell is located within the

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The function of a _______ in a giant squid physiology experiment is to _______.

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Explain why the termination step of the neural communication process is a key target for therapeutic drugs.

Correct AnswerverifiedAutoreceptors are sensitive to the trans...View AnswerShow Answer

2-________ receptors involve the direct opening of an ion channel, whereas metabotropic receptors involve the action of second messenger molecules inside the postsynaptic cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The interior of a neuron at rest

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a consequence of the activity of the sodium-potassium transporters,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Movement of _______ ions _______ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ neurons function to contract muscles.

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Motor neurons control the activity of the ________.

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Which of the following is correct regarding axoplasmic transport?

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With regard to release of neurotransmitter in the brain, "kiss and run" refers to the situation in which the vesicle

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________ are bead-like structures that extract energy from nutrients.

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The primary symptom shown by Kathryn D. was

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Loss of dendritic branches on _______ would be expected to impair the ability to sense temperature and touch.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents a correct match between a neuronal organelle and its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Presynaptic facilitation is associated with _______ synapses and involves a(n) _______ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The function of a _ in a giant squid physiology experiment is to _.

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Autoreceptors are sensitive to the trans...
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Movement of _ ions _ the axon would be induced by the force of diffusion.

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Presynaptic facilitation is associated with _ synapses and involves a(n) _ in the amount of transmitter released per action potential.

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