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During the expansion of the Islamic caliphate,Muslim rule was often preferred to Persian or Byzantine because:


A) Muslim laws were less strict.
B) the caliphate extracted fewer taxes from conquered populations than these empires.
C) local Muslim rulers were considered better protectors than the governors from other empires.
D) Muslim rulers were believed to be more moral than Byzantine and Persian emperors.
E) Muslim rulers were regarded as better military leaders.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The word Islam means:


A) pilgrimage.
B) migration.
C) submission.
D) recitation.
E) prayer.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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Charles Martel is regarded as one of the founders of the Frankish kingdom due to his defeat of a Muslim force near Paris.

A) True
B) False

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The Shiite claim to legitimacy rests on the direct connection to Muhammad through his daughter:


A) Aisha.
B) Yasmina.
C) Fatimah.
D) Khadijah.
E) Sawda.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Why were so many convents (monastic houses for women) founded during the seventh century c.e.?


A) Convents met a variety of social and spiritual needs for women of all classes.
B) Lower-class women flocked to convents as an improvement on the drudgery of their lives.
C) Nuns were the only women allowed to become priests.
D) Convents were a way for the families that founded them to make money.
E) Families were expected to give their daughters to local monasteries to become nuns.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Following the death of Muhammad,his daughter,Fatima,became the first caliph.

A) True
B) False

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By the late sixth century c.e. ,the economy of Arabia was:


A) in a state of crisis brought on by the wars between Byzantium and Persia.
B) commercially sophisticated and was intersected by many trade routes.
C) still almost entirely made up of nomadic Bedouins.
D) based on the production of figs,wool,and goats at desert oases.
E) practically nonexistent due to Arabia's domination by the Byzantine empire.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Between 610 and 1071,the major security threats to the Byzantine Empire came from:


A) Persia,then Egypt.
B) Persia,then the Islamic caliphate.
C) Persia,then the Turks.
D) Persia,then the Slavs.
E) the Western Roman Empire.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Following the Battle of the Trench:


A) Jews in Medina were executed for treason.
B) Christians in Medina were executed for treason.
C) every Muslim in Medina was slaughtered.
D) the entire city of Mecca was destroyed by Jewish forces.
E) Muhammad fled Arabia.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Most people in the early Middle Ages facilitated economic transactions by using:


A) standardized silver coins minted by a local lord.
B) standardized gold coins minted by the king.
C) jewels and gems.
D) food and labor.
E) manufactured goods.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Once they conquered a territory,Viking populations:


A) killed or enslaved all of the native population.
B) assimilated quickly within local populations.
C) divided the land into farms for Viking settlers,regardless of who was living and using that land.
D) founded churches dedicated to Saint Amand,the patron saint of Vikings.
E) elected a king to rule the area.

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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By roughly 750,the population of northern Europe began to expand.This was due,in part,to:


A) longer growing seasons and a larger supply of food.
B) the absence of warfare.
C) migration from Asia.
D) migration from the Middle East.
E) laws which required couples to have large families.

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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As a theologian,Pope Gregory I is regarded as the successor to:


A) Francis of Assisi.
B) John Chrysostom.
C) Arius of Alexandria.
D) Athanasius.
E) Augustine.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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In their worship of Allah,Muslims worship:


A) the Prophet Muhammad.
B) the angel Gabriel.
C) the same deity worshiped by Christians and Jews.
D) a pantheon of gods.
E) the same deities worshiped by Hindus.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The Umayyads of Al-Andalus and the Abbasids of Persia competed for dominance through:


A) constant violent warfare.
B) a cold war,occasionally interrupted by brief proxy wars over disputed territories.
C) the constant creation and negotiation of alliances.
D) trying to surpass each other in support of literary and artistic production.
E) trying to conquer as much territory as possible.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Justinian's Corpus would influence later rulers by becoming the foundation of:


A) Nazism.
B) Communism.
C) absolute monarchy.
D) constitutional monarchy.
E) democracy.

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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During the reign of Leo III,many Byzantine monasteries were suppressed because:


A) they questioned the emperor's authority.
B) they produced icons.
C) they questioned the divinity of Jesus.
D) they incorporated Muslim theology.
E) they denied the existence of an afterlife.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The Shiite party arose among Muslims because:


A) disputes between Muslims in Iran created a schism.
B) of a dispute about the proper succession of caliphs in seventh-century Arabia.
C) the Umayyad dynasty wanted to expand westward.
D) the Abbasid dynasty wanted to expand eastward.
E) of a dispute in the eighth century regarding the proper interpretation of the Qur'an.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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Islam created its own culture and actively destroyed the artifacts of those civilizations that came before them.

A) True
B) False

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Islam spread so quickly in the seventh and eighth centuries because:


A) Muslims insisted that all conquered peoples convert to Islam.
B) there were no Christians in the first lands that Muslims conquered.
C) the Pact of Unmark allowed for the total destruction of subject cities.
D) some local populations welcomed Muslim conquest.
E) its armies met no resistance.

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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