Question 1

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Accepted Answer

A)   fixations.
B)   heuristics.
C)   prototypes.
D)   algorithms.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

After taking two years of economics courses,Lionel thinks he knows enough about business to become a millionaire.Lionel should become more aware of

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   algorithms.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   overconfidence.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Underestimating the time and cost necessary to complete a project best demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   divergent thinking.
B)   the framing effect.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   the planning fallacy.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of cultural transmission among nonhuman animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chimpanzees can use different tools for different purposes.
B)   Black bears can sort pictures into animal and nonanimal categories.
C)   Pigeons have been found to be able to form concepts.
D)   Apes have been found to anticipate the actions of others.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Vivid memories of highly improbable dangers can lead us to overestimate their likelihood and thus fear the wrong things.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   fixation.
B)   confirmation bias.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   the availability heuristic.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Vivid and memorable images of shark attacks that lead people to develop exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   the availability heuristic.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   convergent thinking.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Stockbrokers who market their services with the confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   appear competent to their customers.
B)   find it difficult to decide which stocks to purchase.
C)   avoid the dangers of belief perseverance.
D)   use algorithms to generate stock choices.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Students in an economics course were upset when they received average scores of 72 on a 100-point exam.However,they were delighted when they received average scores of 96 on a 137-point exam.Their differing reactions to their two exam scores best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   the availability heuristic.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   framing.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

People who err on the side of overconfidence are especially likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   use algorithms to solve problems.
B)   appear less credible to others.
C)   avoid confirmation bias.
D)   live more happily.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

The most creative scientists are those who

Accepted Answer

A)   investigate issues about which they have very little previous knowledge.
B)   are intrinsically motivated to solve problems.
C)   have little tolerance for ambiguity.
D)   have a timid personality.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Belief perseverance refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions.
B)   approaching a problem in a particular way that has been successful in the past.
C)   a methodical procedure that guarantees the eventual solution of a problem.
D)   clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at

Accepted Answer

A)   creative problem solving.
B)   generating algorithms.
C)   convergent thinking.
D)   forming concepts.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Creativity is most likely to be supported by above-average levels of

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   intellectual aptitude.
C)   extrinsic motivation.
D)   confirmation bias.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A best example of a category of objects,events,ideas,or people is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   algorithm.
B)   concept.
C)   prototype.
D)   heuristic.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Cognition can be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   a mental grouping of similar objects,events,ideas,or people.
B)   all of the mental activities associated with thinking,knowing,remembering,and communicating.
C)   a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently.
D)   a methodical,logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Chimpanzee B watches Chimpanzee A obtain food either by sliding or by lifting a door.Chimpanzee B will then typically do the same to get food.And so will Chimpanzee C after observing Chimpanzee B.This sequence has been said to illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   divergent thinking.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   the availability heuristic.
D)   cultural transmission.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Fixation is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way,often a way that has been successful in the past.
B)   a sudden realization of a problem's solution;contrasts with strategy-based solutions.
C)   an effortless,immediate,automatic feeling or thought,as contrasted with explicit,conscious reasoning.
D)   the inability to see a problem from a new perspective.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

By learning to classify cats and dogs,monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristics.
B)   algorithms.
C)   mental sets.
D)   concepts.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Just passing by a person who sneezes and coughs heightens our perceptions of various health risks.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   the availability heuristic.
B)   belief perseverance.
C)   confirmation bias.
D)   framing.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words.Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

Accepted Answer

A)   right temporal
B)   left temporal
C)   right occipital
D)   left occipitalE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 26: Storage: Retaining Information

Underestimating the time and cost necessary to complete a project best demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Creativity is most likely to be supported by above-average levels of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fixation is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who err on the side of overconfidence are especially likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After taking two years of economics courses,Lionel thinks he knows enough about business to become a millionaire.Lionel should become more aware of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stockbrokers who market their services with the confidence that they can outperform the market average in picking stocks are especially likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most creative scientists are those who

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research participants were asked to identify a word that could be associated meaningfully with each of three other words.Solutions that occurred with sudden insight were accompanied by a burst of activity in the brain's ________ lobe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students in an economics course were upset when they received average scores of 72 on a 100-point exam.However,they were delighted when they received average scores of 96 on a 137-point exam.Their differing reactions to their two exam scores best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of cultural transmission among nonhuman animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chimpanzee B watches Chimpanzee A obtain food either by sliding or by lifting a door.Chimpanzee B will then typically do the same to get food.And so will Chimpanzee C after observing Chimpanzee B.This sequence has been said to illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Belief perseverance refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A best example of a category of objects,events,ideas,or people is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognition can be defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vivid memories of highly improbable dangers can lead us to overestimate their likelihood and thus fear the wrong things.This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students who have spent time living abroad and experiencing other cultures are more adept at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By learning to classify cats and dogs,monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Just passing by a person who sneezes and coughs heightens our perceptions of various health risks.This best illustrates the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vivid and memorable images of shark attacks that lead people to develop exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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