Question 1

Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box.With successive trials,the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement.
B)   the law of effect.
C)   respondent behavior.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with the presentation of a female quail.The sexual arousal triggered by the red light was a:

Accepted Answer

A)   UR.
B)   US.
C)   CR.
D)   CS.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock.They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Accepted Answer

A)   more;more
B)   more;less
C)   less;less
D)   less;moreE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Respondent behavior is defined as a(n) ________ response to some stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)   novel
B)   operant
C)   automatic
D)   generalizedE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Psychologists are currently debating whether our physical capacity for mentally simulating the observed behavior of others is due to specialized:

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic motives.
B)   cognitive maps.
C)   extrinsic motives.
D)   mirror neurons.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Respondent behavior is a(n) ________ response,whereas operant behavior is a(n) ________ response.

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned;unconditioned
B)   conscious;unconscious
C)   punishing;rewarding
D)   automatic;voluntaryE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcers are:

Accepted Answer

A)   designed to evoke respondent behavior.
B)   interspersed with punishers to speed the process of learning.
C)   used to guide actions closer and closer to a desired behavior.
D)   given on a variable-ratio schedule.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of:

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling.
B)   instinctive drift.
C)   latent learning.
D)   intrinsic motivation.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is:

Accepted Answer

A)   ineffective in even temporarily restraining unwanted behavior.
B)   more effective than negative reinforcers in shaping behavior.
C)   the opposite of positive reinforcers and thus is its psychological equivalent in terms of changing behavior.
D)   less effective than positive reinforcers in promoting desirable behavior.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash.The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone:

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   extinction.
C)   generalization.
D)   discrimination.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Through direct experience with animals,we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp.This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary conditioning.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   operant behavior.
D)   associative learning.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibits
B)   causes
C)   is unrelated to
D)   predictsE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   pleasant;pleasant
B)   aversive;aversive
C)   pleasant;aversive
D)   aversive;pleasantE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The law of effect refers to the tendency to:

Accepted Answer

A)   learn associations between consecutive stimuli.
B)   learn in the absence of reinforcement.
C)   repeat rewarded behaviors and discontinue punished behaviors.
D)   make a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

When Julie saw her brother being praised for cleaning his bedroom,she increasingly engaged in cleaning her own bedroom.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

A)   instinctive drift.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   vicarious reinforcement.
D)   intrinsic motivation.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

A neutral stimulus is an event or situation that:

Accepted Answer

A)   evokes an unconditioned response.
B)   signals that an operant behavior will be rewarded.
C)   triggers a conditioned response.
D)   elicits no response prior to classical conditioning.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone,he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food.As a result,________ occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)   generalization
B)   operant conditioning
C)   discrimination
D)   extinctionE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Before Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate in response to a tone,the tone was a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   conditioned stimulus.
B)   unconditioned stimulus.
C)   partial conditioner.
D)   neutral stimulus.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

A reinforcement is any event that

Accepted Answer

A)   satisfies a biological need.
B)   triggers feelings of pleasure.
C)   elicits respondent behavior.
D)   increases the frequency of a preceding response.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball.Initially,he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball,then only for placing its front paws on the ball,and finally only for climbing on the ball.The trainer is using the method of:

Accepted Answer

A)   successive approximations.
B)   delayed reinforcement.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   secondary reinforcement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 7: Learning

After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone,he repeatedly sounded the tone without presenting the food.As a result,________ occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ________ increased rates of violent behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with the presentation of a female quail.The sexual arousal triggered by the red light was a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash.The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reinforcement is any event that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neutral stimulus is an event or situation that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ________ stimulus following a behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most psychologists think that the use of punishment is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Before Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate in response to a tone,the tone was a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists are currently debating whether our physical capacity for mentally simulating the observed behavior of others is due to specialized:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respondent behavior is defined as a(n) ________ response to some stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through direct experience with animals,we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp.This best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The law of effect refers to the tendency to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball.Initially,he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball,then only for placing its front paws on the ball,and finally only for climbing on the ball.The trainer is using the method of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Julie saw her brother being praised for cleaning his bedroom,she increasingly engaged in cleaning her own bedroom.This best illustrates the impact of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cats received a fish reward whenever they maneuvered themselves out of an enclosed puzzle box.With successive trials,the cats escaped from the box with increasing speed.This illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcers are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock.They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respondent behavior is a(n) ________ response,whereas operant behavior is a(n) ________ response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) stimulus following a behavior.

Correct Answer
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Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock.They learn to flap their wings to obtain food easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Respondent behavior is a(n) response,whereas operant behavior is a(n) response.

Correct Answer
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