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What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior?


A) Norms are difficult to enumerate.
B) Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal.
C) Deviance from social norms is not always labeled as negative,abnormal behavior .
D) Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Thoughts that repeatedly intrude into consciousness against one's will are called:


A) compulsions.
B) loose associations.
C) neologisms.
D) obsessions.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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An intense,paralyzing fear of a specific object,person,situation,or thing in the absence of any real danger is a _______.


A) panic disorder
B) specific phobia
C) conversion reaction
D) compulsive disorder

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following was one of the four humors studied by Hippocrates?


A) blood
B) tears
C) pus
D) urine

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is a mood disorder?


A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) bipolar disorder

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is the biological explanation for mood disorders?


A) They are a result of learned helplessness.
B) They are a result of anger turned inward on oneself.
C) They are a result of distortions in thinking.
D) They are a result of an imbalance of brain chemicals.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Ali,a war veteran,has had nightmares,flashbacks,and anxiety attacks for the past three years.Ali is most likely suffering from _____________.


A) acute stress disorder
B) external locus of control
C) catastrophic stress
D) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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As a serious dancer,Justine watches what she eats.She knows that she is underweight,but fears that if she starts eating more that she will get fat.In addition to a preoccupation with food she has also stopped menstruating.Her behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from _________.


A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) compulsive exercise
D) phobic disorder

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A person who is suffering from disordered thinking,bizarre behavior,and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from _________.


A) schizophrenia
B) bipolar disorder
C) a dissociative identity disorder
D) passive-aggressive personality

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Excessive amounts of dopamine in the brain have been proposed as a cause of:


A) schizophrenia.
B) anorexia nervosa.
C) antisocial personality.
D) paraphilia.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The learning approach to psychological disorders suggests that:


A) abnormal behavior is learned just like normal behaviors.
B) what is learned cannot be unlearned.
C) abnormal behavior is a product of hereditary predisposition.
D) successful treatment of abnormal behavior is based on identifying its original cause.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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In any given year,about _________ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.


A) 26
B) 12
C) 33
D) 43

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Arlene has an intense,irrational fear of flying in airplanes.She is probably suffering from a _______.


A) somatoform disorder
B) neurotic depression
C) specific phobia
D) conversion reaction

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Tara and Sarah are identical twins.If Tara has bipolar disorder,then Sarah has _________.


A) a 100% chance of developing a mood disorder
B) a 100% chance of developing bipolar disorder
C) a 40-70%% chance of developing a mood disorder
D) a 60-80% chance of developing a bipolar disorder

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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An anxiety disorder that involves a fear of interacting with others or being in a social situation is called ________.


A) agoraphobia
B) social anxiety disorder
C) a specific phobia
D) generalized anxiety disorder

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face.As a result of this experience,Linda learned to be afraid of cats.Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear?


A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) sociocultural
D) psychodynamic

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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False beliefs about reality with no factual basis are known as ______.


A) delusions
B) obsessions
C) hallucinations
D) compulsions

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times (for example,around 3000 B.C.E.) signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by__________.


A) an imbalance of body fluids
B) demons
C) improper diet
D) social forces

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?


A) psychodynamic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) biological

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Dave,a graduate student,has difficulty talking to groups.Unfortunately,he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people.The night before a presentation he tosses and turns,and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse.When he makes a presentation,he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words.As a result,he feels worthless and miserable.Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?


A) inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B) subjective discomfort and inability to function normally
C) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D) deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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