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Exam 16: Thermodynamics: Entropy, free Energy, and Equilibrium

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Question 71

Multiple Choice

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For a spontaneous process

A) energy and entropy are conserved.
B) energy is conserved and the entropy of the system and surroundings increases.
C) the energy of the system and the surroundings decreases and the entropy of the system and surroundings increases.
D) both the energy and the entropy of the system and surroundings decrease.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 72

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is zero at 25°C?

A) ΔG°_f for N₂(g)
B) ΔG°_f for H₂O (l)
C) S° for N₂ (g)
D) S° for H₂O (l)

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Question 73

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Consider the following gas-phase reaction of A₂ (shaded spheres) and B₂ (unshaded spheres) : A₂(g) + B₂(g) ⇌ 2 AB(g) ΔG ° = +25 kJ -Which of the above reaction mixtures is ΔG of reaction = ΔG °?

Predict the sign of ΔS for each of the following processes,which occur at constant temperature. I.The volume of 2.0 moles of O₂(g) increases from 44 L to 52 L. II.The pressure of 2.0 moles of O₂(g) increases from 1.0 atm to 1.2 atm.

The Boltzmann formula is S = k ln W.A perfect crystal has a molar entropy of 0 at absolute zero because

If the entropy of a collection of molecules in 5000 boxes is 1.76 × 10^-20 J/K,how many molecules are there?

If Q increases

Which statement is true concerning the standard states of F₂(g) and C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) ?

Acetylene,C₂H₂,has a standard enthalpy of formation,ΔH° = 226.7 kJ/mol,and a standard entropy change for its formation from its elements,ΔS° = 58.8 J/K∙mol.The standard free energy of formation of acetylene is ________ kJ/mol.

The reaction 2 H₂O(g)+ CO₂(g)→ CH₄(g)+ 2 CO₂(g)is nonspontaneous at 25°C.The addition of a catalyst will ________ (decrease,increase,not change)the rate of reaction and ________ (decrease,increase,not change)the spontaneity of the reaction.

Calculate ΔS° for the formation of one mole of solid sodium bromide from the elements at 25°C.

Which has the highest standard molar entropy at 25°C?

What is the entropy change associated with the expansion of one mole of an ideal gas from an initial volume of V to a final volume of 4.50V at constant temperature?

Which of the following gas molecules has the greatest standard molar entropy at 25°C?

The reaction A(g) → B(g) is spontaneous under standard conditions.Which of the following statements must be true? I.The reaction B(g) → A(g) is nonspontaneous under standard conditions. II.A(g) will be completely converted to B(g) if sufficient time is allowed. III.A(g) will be completely converted to B(g) rapidly.

For any thermodynamic function Y,ΔY° for a reaction refers to the change in Y for the process in which

What is the relationship between ΔG,Q_p,and K_p for a reaction involving gases?

For the reaction N₂(g)+ O₂(g)→ 2NO(g),ΔH° = 180.4 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 24.9 J/K.Is there a temperature at which the spontaneity of this reaction be changed,either from spontaneous to nonspontaneous or nonspontaneous to spontaneous? If so,estimate the temperature.

Without doing any calculations,determine whether the standard entropy change,ΔS° is positive or negative for each of the following reactions. Reaction 1: C(graphite) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g) Reaction 2: 2 CO(g) + O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g)

What is the entropy of 10 molecules in a system of 1000 boxes?