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New battery-powered electronic cigarettes (i.e.,tobacco-less nicotine delivery systems)are quickly becoming one the largest U.S.exports.

A) True
B) False

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There is no evidence indicating that cigarette smoking has skin-aging effects.

A) True
B) False

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In 1993,the Environmental Protection Agency declared that


A) sidestream smoke is lower in nitrosamines.
B) secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen that increases lung cancer risk.
C) smoking would be banned in all federal facilities.
D) cigarette smoking might be a cause of heart disease.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Over 90 percent of all U.S.cigarettes sold are now


A) filter cigarettes.
B) low-tar brands.
C) menthol flavored.
D) made outside the U.S.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Gum,patches,lozenges,and inhalers are all various forms of


A) nicotine replacement therapy.
B) an oral substitute for cigarettes.
C) nicotine delivery that have been shown to be ineffective.
D) nicotine antagonists.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S.began to decline


A) after WWII.
B) after the 1964 Surgeon General's report.
C) in 1980.
D) about ten years ago.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Nicotine acts in the brain to first stimulate and then block several nicotinic subtypes of cholinergic receptor.

A) True
B) False

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One big factor associated with lower rates of cigarette smoking among adults is


A) age.
B) high self-esteem.
C) higher level of education.
D) caffeine use.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Although there are concerns about smoking during pregnancy,the research studies have not consistently demonstrated any specific risks.

A) True
B) False

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One recent fad in tobacco use has been


A) tobacco lozenges.
B) nicotine soap.
C) hookahs (water pipes) .
D) snorting powdered nicotine.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Reynolds was unable to market Premier,a plastic cigarette containing catalytic crystals coated with tobacco extract,because


A) they were too expensive.
B) the FDA considered them a "nicotine delivery device" rather than an agricultural product.
C) they proved more toxic than regular cigarettes.
D) they had a foul taste.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Ambien (zolpidem)has recently been approved by the FDA for use in smoking cessation.

A) True
B) False

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Even though chewing tobacco might not be as unhealthy as smoking it,smokeless tobacco still has risks.Compare and contrast the health risks of chewing and smoking tobacco.

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Increased risk of cancer of th...

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Tobacco use became popular in European culture because:


A) its pleasant taste and aroma were enticing.
B) it was associated with wealth and status.
C) it was easy to produce and obtain.
D) it was associated with Native American culture.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S.started to decrease in 1990.

A) True
B) False

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As a potent poison,nicotine causes death by


A) stopping the heart.
B) paralysis of respiration muscles.
C) constricting blood vessels in the brain.
D) increasing blood pressure until a stroke occurs.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Annual "smoking attributable mortality" in the U.S.is estimated at


A) 2,000.
B) 10,000.
C) 40,000.
D) 440,000.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The psychological effect of cigarette smoking is


A) arousal and activation--a mild stimulant effect.
B) calm and relaxation--a mild antianxiety effect.
C) altered perception--a mild hallucinogenic effect.
D) a combination of A and

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Although lung cancer is not common,about _______ percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers.


A) 10
B) 25
C) 40
D) 85

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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