Question 1

Why did the H1N1 strain of influenza virus cause a pandemic in 2009?

Accepted Answer

A)  The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the mortality associated with infection.
B)  The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the basic reproduction number of the virus.
C)  The H1N1 virus underwent a significant antigenic shift compared to other circulating strains of influenza.
D)  The H1N1 virus acquired a new gene from pigs that resulted in increased virulence.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Why are public health officials concerned about smallpox being used as a biological weapon? Give several reasons in your answer.

Accepted Answer

The causative agent for smallpox,Variola...

Question 3

Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and unpredictable genetic mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  vector-borne organisms
B)  RNA viruses
C)  Archaea
D)  DNA virusesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Upper respiratory infectious agents are commonly transmitted from person to person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Give an example of an acute and a chronic carrier of disease.What disease characteristics allow for chronic carriers to play significant roles in the spread of the disease? How are diseases with chronic carriers controlled?

Accepted Answer

Acute disease carriers contain only the ...

Question 6

Disease cases that exhibit new syndromes or characteristics or are linked to new pathogens are surveyed through regional laboratories and considered ________ cases.

Accepted Answer

A)  zoonotic
B)  index
C)  endemic
D)  epidemicE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

A large number of cases of a particular disease observed in a relatively short period of time in an area that previously experienced only sporadic cases of the disease is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  pandemic.
B)  outbreak.
C)  endemic.
D)  zoonosis.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

With regards to mode of disease transmission,respiratory pathogens are generally ________,and intestinal pathogens are generally spread by contaminated ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  spread by direct contact / vectors
B)  spread by indirect contact / carriers
C)  more transmissible / needles
D)  airborne / food or waterE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Diseases can be controlled through immunization even if the percentage of the population that is immunized is less than 100% because

Accepted Answer

A)  vectors can be controlled through other means.
B)  most diseases lack reservoirs.
C)  of herd immunity.
D)  vehicles can be sterilized.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following diseases would be the easiest to control in a human population?

Accepted Answer

A)  an infectious disease with wild animals as a reservoir
B)  an infectious disease with humans as the only reservoir
C)  an infectious disease with domestic cows as the only reservoir
D)  an infectious disease with several possible reservoirsE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

In just over a decade of efforts,the World Health Organization (WHO) eradicated smallpox by using worldwide

Accepted Answer

A)  education campaigns.
B)  destruction of infected domestic animals.
C)  education campaigns and destruction of infected domestic animals.
D)  vaccination programs.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is/are considered (a) direct contact infection(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  syphilis
B)  gonorrhea
C)  skin infections
D)  syphilis,gonorrhea,and skin infectionsE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Which public health measure(s) is/are MOST effective against pathogens transmitted through common vehicles?

Accepted Answer

A)  water purification
B)  mosquito control
C)  food safety regulations
D)  water purification and food safety regulationsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Over time,the relationship between a pathogen and a naïve susceptible population tends towards

Accepted Answer

A)  the extinction of the host.
B)  the extinction of the pathogen.
C)  a balance between host and pathogen such that both are maintained.
D)  the extinction of either the host or the pathogen.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Cholera is an example of a pandemic disease that

Accepted Answer

A)  has multiple wild animal reservoirs and is thus difficult to eradicate.
B)  spreads from a common source and could be controlled with adequate clean water and waste sanitation measures.
C)  is spread through direct contact and has only a human reservoir.
D)  has recently emerged due to overcrowding in urban centers.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Failure to reach equilibrium with a disease agent could result in extinction for a host species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An example of a cyclical disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  diphtheria.
B)  smallpox.
C)  influenza.
D)  anthrax.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

What is a/are potential reservoir(s) for viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  insects
C)  bats
D)  fomitesE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

A disease that is constantly present in low numbers is called an acute disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A disease showing a relatively slow,progressive rise followed by a gradual decline in incidence is indicative of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  host-to-host epidemic.
B)  common source epidemic.
C)  biological weapon.
D)  endemic disease.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 28: Epidemiology

Why did the H1N1 strain of influenza virus cause a pandemic in 2009?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With regards to mode of disease transmission,respiratory pathogens are generally ________,and intestinal pathogens are generally spread by contaminated ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A disease showing a relatively slow,progressive rise followed by a gradual decline in incidence is indicative of a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which public health measure(s) is/are MOST effective against pathogens transmitted through common vehicles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A disease that is constantly present in low numbers is called an acute disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A large number of cases of a particular disease observed in a relatively short period of time in an area that previously experienced only sporadic cases of the disease is known as a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of a cyclical disease is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a/are potential reservoir(s) for viruses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diseases can be controlled through immunization even if the percentage of the population that is immunized is less than 100% because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is/are considered (a) direct contact infection(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In just over a decade of efforts,the World Health Organization (WHO) eradicated smallpox by using worldwide

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following diseases would be the easiest to control in a human population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over time,the relationship between a pathogen and a naïve susceptible population tends towards

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Upper respiratory infectious agents are commonly transmitted from person to person.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Disease cases that exhibit new syndromes or characteristics or are linked to new pathogens are surveyed through regional laboratories and considered ________ cases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cholera is an example of a pandemic disease that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Give an example of an acute and a chronic carrier of disease.What disease characteristics allow for chronic carriers to play significant roles in the spread of the disease? How are diseases with chronic carriers controlled?

Correct AnswerverifiedAcute disease carriers contain only the ...View AnswerShow Answer

Why are public health officials concerned about smallpox being used as a biological weapon? Give several reasons in your answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe causative agent for smallpox,Variola...View AnswerShow Answer

Failure to reach equilibrium with a disease agent could result in extinction for a host species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and unpredictable genetic mutations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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With regards to mode of disease transmission,respiratory pathogens are generally ,and intestinal pathogens are generally spread by contaminated .

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Acute disease carriers contain only the ...
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The causative agent for smallpox,Variola...
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