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Advances in data storage have made routine violation of individual privacy more difficult.

A) True
B) False

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The Internet has made the protection of intellectual property


A) more difficult, because of the lack of enforcable regulations.
B) easier, because of the proliferation of creative and professional software.
C) more difficult, because of the ease of copying and transmitting digitized media.
D) easier, because of the ability to track user behavior and visits to Web sites and file-sharing services.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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A classic ethical dilemma is the hypothetical case of a man stealing from a grocery store in order to feed his starving family. If you used the Utilitarian Principle to evaluate this situation, you might argue that stealing the food is


A) acceptable, because the grocer suffers the least harm.
B) acceptable, because the higher value is the survival of the family.
C) wrong, because the man would not want the grocery to steal from him.
D) wrong, because if everyone were to do this, the concept of personal property is defeated.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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B

Discuss at least three key technology trends that raise ethical issues. Give an example of an ethical or moral impact connected to each one.

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Key technology trends include the follow...

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Professionals take on special rights and obligations because of their special claims to knowledge, wisdom, and respect.

A) True
B) False

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True

According to the ________, you should take the action that produces the least harm.


A) Categorical Imperative
B) Risk Aversion Principle
C) Utilitarian Principle
D) Golden Rule

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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How does a cookie work?

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A cookie works as follows: A user opens ...

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According to the courts, in the creation of software, unique concepts, general functional features, and even colors are protectable by copyright law.

A) True
B) False

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Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative states that


A) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time.
B) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost.
C) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action.
D) if an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone to take.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The most common type of computer-related RSI is CTS.

A) True
B) False

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Two of the three principal sources of poor system performance are


A) software bugs and errors and outdated standards.
B) hardware or facility failures and malware.
C) hardware or facility failures and poor input data quality.
D) poor input data quality and insufficient integration with legacy systems.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The process in law-governed societies in which laws are known and understood and there is an ability to appeal to higher authorities to ensure that the laws are applied correctly is called


A) liability.
B) due process.
C) the courts of appeal.
D) accountability.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The robotics startup you work for has developed an AI-controlled robotic nurse, intended to care for end-of-life patients who are often unconscious. Which of the five moral dimensions does this raise?


A) system quality
B) quality of life
C) accountability and control
D) property rights and obligations

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Spyware is software that comes hidden in downloaded applications and can track your online movements.

A) True
B) False

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The introduction of new information technology has a


A) dampening effect on the discourse of business ethics.
B) ripple effect raising new ethical, social, and political issues.
C) beneficial effect for society as a whole, while raising dilemmas for consumers.
D) waterfall effect in raising ever more complex ethical issues.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Define the basic concepts of responsibility, accountability, and liability as applied to ethical decisions. How are these concepts related?

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Responsibility is the first key element of ethical action. Responsibility means that an individual, group, or organization accepts the potential costs, duties, and obligations for decisions made. Accountability is a feature of systems and social institutions. It means that mechanisms are in place to determine who took responsible action; i.e., who is responsible for the action. Liability is a feature of political systems in which a body of law is in place that permits individuals to recover the damages done to them by others. These concepts are related as follows: I will assume the blame or benefit for the actions I take (responsibility); this blame or benefit accrues to me through the requirement that I be able to explain why I have taken the actions I have (accountability) for actions traceable to me by defined mechanisms in the organization, and if those actions result in hard to another, I will be held by law to reparations for those actions (liability).

CVS refers to


A) eyestrain related to computer display screen use.
B) carpal vision syndrome.
C) wrist injuries brought about by incorrect hand position when using a keyboard.
D) stress induced by technology.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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NORA is a


A) profiling technology used by the EU.
B) federal privacy law protecting networked data.
C) new data analysis technology that finds hidden connections between data in disparate sources.
D) sentencing guideline adopted in 1987 mandating stiff sentences on business executives.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Web ________ are embedded in e-mails and Web pages to monitor user behavior at the Web site or sending e-mail.

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A cookie is a small file containing information about you and your Web activities that is deposited on your hard disk by a Web site.

A) True
B) False

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