Question 1

According to Bandura's revised social-cognitive theory,as children watch others engage in self-praise and self-blame,they develop a sense of

Accepted Answer

A)   shame.
B)   self-doubt.
C)   humor.
D)   self-efficacy.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

According to Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory,the structures of a child's mind develop as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   biologically preprogrammed advances taking place at specific times.
B)   efforts to achieve equilibrium between internal structures and the outside world.
C)   conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
D)   observing adults modeling social behaviors and interactions.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

G.Stanley Hall and his student,Arnold Gesell,

Accepted Answer

A)   regarded development as a maturational process.
B)   inspired Charles Darwin's research.
C)   constructed the first standardized intelligence test.
D)   were the forefathers of psychoanalytic theory.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory,work benefits,such as flexible schedules and paid maternity leave,take place in the

Accepted Answer

A)   mesosystem.
B)   microsystem.
C)   macrosystem.
D)   exosystem.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Lev Vygotsky proposed a socially mediated process of development that centers around

Accepted Answer

A)   pairing a neutral stimulus with a reflexive response to create a conditioned behavior.
B)   imprinting on a mother-figure during the critical period.
C)   survival child's independent efforts to make sense of the world.
D)   cooperative dialogues with adults and more expert peers.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

By using __________ assignment of participants to treatment conditions,investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups.

Accepted Answer

A)   sequential
B)   random
C)   systematic
D)   correlationalE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 7

A(n) __________ design permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating.

Accepted Answer

A)   experimental
B)   longitudinal
C)   cross-sectional
D)   sequentialE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Tammy's father is an exceptional gymnast.When Tammy was just a toddler,her father believed that Tammy already showed great promise as a gymnast.Tammy's father probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by

Accepted Answer

A)   nurture.
B)   stages.
C)   nature.
D)   early experiences.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is

Accepted Answer

A)   static and stable.
B)   multidimensional and multidirectional.
C)   continuous, rather than discontinuous.
D)   largely the result of heredity.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Dr.Holder is interested in the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on human development.This is known as the __________ controversy.

Accepted Answer

A)   nature-nurture
B)   continuous-discontinuous
C)   stability-plasticity
D)   social-cognitiveE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

The field of human development is considered to be an applied discipline because

Accepted Answer

A)   it is motivated largely by scientific curiosity.
B)   findings are used for practical purposes to improve people's lives.
C)   it deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan.
D)   investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon addressed practical educational concerns by

Accepted Answer

A)   launching the normative approach.
B)   constructing the first successful intelligence test.
C)   writing the first parenting books.
D)   conducting child observations and parent interviews.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

Annabelle uses symbols and engages in make-believe play.However,her thinking lacks logic.Annabelle is in Piaget's __________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   sensorimotor
B)   preoperational
C)   concrete operational
D)   formal operationalE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Unlike Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory,the information-processing approach

Accepted Answer

A)   uses clinical interviews to determine a child's stage of development.
B)   does not divide development into stages.
C)   characterizes each developmental stage by qualitatively distinct ways of thinking.
D)   views development as a discontinuous process.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

__________ consists of procedures that combine conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses.

Accepted Answer

A)   Behavior modification
B)   Reinforcement
C)   Adaptation
D)   Concrete operationE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Dr.Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children.Dr.Anderson should use a(n) __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)   structured
B)   observational
C)   correlational
D)   experimentalE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

A major limitation of naturalistic observation is that

Accepted Answer

A)   it does not reflect the way participants actually behave in everyday life.
B)   it may not result in accurate reporting of information.
C)   it tells more about the participants' reasoning and motivation than it does about their typical behavior.
D)   not all participants have the same opportunity to display a particular behavior in everyday life.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

A major limitation of cross-sectional research is that

Accepted Answer

A)   age-related changes may be distorted because of participant dropout.
B)   findings may not generalize to the real world.
C)   age differences may be distorted because of cohort effects.
D)   control over the treatment group is usually weak.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

In the United States,adolescents from immigrant families

Accepted Answer

A)   view school success as both their own and their parents' success.
B)   are more likely than those from native-born families to be obese.
C)   report lower self-esteem than those from native-born families.
D)   are more likely than their agemates to use drugs.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

In an experiment,

Accepted Answer

A)   researchers gather information on individuals without altering their experiences.
B)   the events and behaviors of interest are divided into two types: independent and dependent variables.
C)   researchers cannot infer cause and effect.
D)   researchers must observe conditions as they currently exist.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

Dr.Anderson wants to conduct a study to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between domestic violence and anger in children.Dr.Anderson should use a(n) __________ design.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By using __________ assignment of participants to treatment conditions,investigators increase the chances that participants' characteristics will be equally distributed across treatment groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Holder is interested in the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors on human development.This is known as the __________ controversy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) __________ design permits researchers to check if cohort effects are operating.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major limitation of naturalistic observation is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

G.Stanley Hall and his student,Arnold Gesell,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory,the information-processing approach

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bandura's revised social-cognitive theory,as children watch others engage in self-praise and self-blame,they develop a sense of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The field of human development is considered to be an applied discipline because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States,adolescents from immigrant families

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory,the structures of a child's mind develop as the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ consists of procedures that combine conditioning and modeling to eliminate undesirable behaviors and increase desirable responses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tammy's father is an exceptional gymnast.When Tammy was just a toddler,her father believed that Tammy already showed great promise as a gymnast.Tammy's father probably believes that athletic ability is mostly determined by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major limitation of cross-sectional research is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Annabelle uses symbols and engages in make-believe play.However,her thinking lacks logic.Annabelle is in Piaget's __________ stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lev Vygotsky proposed a socially mediated process of development that centers around

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon addressed practical educational concerns by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory,work benefits,such as flexible schedules and paid maternity leave,take place in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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