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While ________ percent of the population was of African descent at the time of the founding, only about ________ percent of this group was free from slavery.


A) 50; 10
B) 50; 1.5
C) 35; 10
D) 20; 1.5

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following best describes the history of income inequality in the United States?


A) The New Deal of the 1930s created massive income inequality that dramatically increased the share of annual national income going to the top 1 percent.
B) Income inequality has remained relatively constant throughout American history, with the top 1 percent accounting for approximately 10 percent of national income.
C) In 1976, the top 1 percent accounted for less than 10 percent of annual national income.
D) The top 1 percent has never accounted for at least 10 percent of annual national income.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following statements about the income gap between rich and poor in the United States is most accurate?


A) Americans are very intolerant of income inequality and have enacted numerous policies that heavily increased the tax burden of wealthy individuals in recent years.
B) Americans are very intolerant of income inequality and have enacted numerous policies that heavily reduced the tax burdens of poor individuals in recent years.
C) The United States has a greater gap in income between the poorest and richest than any other developed nation.
D) The United States has an average-sized gap in income between the poorest and richest when compared to other developed nations.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The "digital divide" refers to the fact that


A) email has become one of the primary ways that Americans follow politics in the last 20 years.
B) Democrats and Republicans rely on very different sources of information online.
C) news websites rarely provide links to other news websites.
D) some groups are excluded from online participation in society.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Why are Americans sometimes fearful of pluralist politics?


A) They are fearful that organized groups will successfully advance public interests at the expense of special interests.
B) They are fearful that organized groups will successfully advance special interests at the expense of the greater public good.
C) They are fearful that organized groups represent a challenge to liberty.
D) They are fearful that organized groups will reduce the need for public goods.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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________ described politics as "who gets what, when, and how."


A) James Madison
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) Harold Lasswell
D) John Locke

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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During the last 50 years, the American population has


A) not experienced any regional shifts.
B) shifted as a result of people leaving the Northeast and Midwest and moving to the South and Southwest.
C) shifted as a result of people leaving the South and Southwest and moving to the Northeast and Midwest.
D) shifted as a result of people leaving urban areas and moving to rural areas.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Disputes over affirmative action demonstrate that


A) Americans disagree over the public's legitimate role in ensuring the equality of opportunity.
B) Americans are generally supportive of equality of results.
C) economic liberties are more important than democracy.
D) Americans do not value democracy as much as they used to.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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About ________ percent of the American adult population identifies with the Protestant, Catholic, or Jewish faiths.


A) 15
B) 35
C) 55
D) 75

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about property restrictions on the right to vote in the United States is true?


A) They are explicitly forbidden in the Constitution and have never been instituted.
B) They were in effect early in the country's history, but were eliminated by 1828.
C) They were instituted in 1828 and are still in effect in many states.
D) They were in effect early in the country's history, but were eliminated with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A(n) ________ occurs when a small group of wealthy landowners and corporate leaders control the government.


A) monarchy
B) oligarchy
C) authoritarian regime
D) totalitarian state

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Survey data demonstrates that Americans


A) are very interested in public affairs and have uniformly high levels of political knowledge.
B) are not very interested in public affairs and their political knowledge is low.
C) are knowledgeable about local political figures, but do not know much about national political figures.
D) know a lot about governmental processes, but do not know much about matters related to the U.S. Constitution.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The essential documents of the American founding are the ________ and the ________.


A) Declaration of Independence; Constitution
B) Declaration of Independence; Magna Carta
C) Constitution; Magna Carta
D) Constitution; Mayflower Compact

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an example of the process of direct democracy?


A) citizens in a state approving the use of medical marijuana through referendum
B) a citizen calling her representative to complain about potholes on local roads
C) a group of citizens coming together to debate the pros and cons of higher taxes
D) a citizen deciding to contribute money to his preferred presidential candidate

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Political analysts have identified a significant change in the American public's level of trust in government over the last 50 years. Describe the direction of this change and discuss some of the recent events that have led Americans to reevaluate their feelings toward government. Is there any reason to be worried about how much trust citizens have in their government?

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There are three components to this quest...

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Politics can be defined as


A) conflicts over the character, membership, and policies of any organization to which people belong.
B) the informal, private organizations through which a land and its people are ruled.
C) a hierarchically structured organization that is designed to distribute labor among several different groups of people.
D) a line-and-staff organization that is designed to facilitate control over complex social arrangements.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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An autocracy exists when


A) the government is controlled by a single individual.
B) the government is controlled by a small but powerful group of people.
C) the constitution of a government is followed strictly.
D) citizens play a significant part in government by electing key public officials.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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The demand that there be no taxation without representation is a good example of what political reform of the eighteenth century?


A) the decline of popular influence on government
B) more popular influence on government
C) the decline in citizenship
D) the spread of autocracy

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A decline in political efficacy would likely lead to


A) an increase in political participation and a renewed interest in political life.
B) a decline in political participation and a withdrawal from political life.
C) less dishonesty by elected representatives.
D) a stronger belief in the values of liberty and equality.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Those instrumental in the founding of the American Republic


A) explicitly outlawed political protest in the Constitution because they believed elections were sufficient enough to protect political freedom.
B) provided protections for political protest in the Constitution because they believed direct democracy was a better form of government than representative democracy.
C) provided protections for political protest in the Constitution because they believed elections were not enough to protect political freedom.
D) provided protections for political protest in the Constitution because they believed it was the only way to guarantee political equality.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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