Question 1

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

Accepted Answer

A)   The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
B)   Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells.
C)   The cells contain different genes.
D)   The mutations that have accumulated in the cells of the different tissues control functions.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   oncogene
B)   tumor-suppressor gene
C)   proto-oncogene
D)   silencerE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

In prokaryotes,the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   operon
B)   master control gene
C)   signal transduction pathway
D)   homeoboxE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Please read the paragraph below to answer the following question(s) .
Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert them to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have the biology background to totally understand.
-Jim learned that some cancer cells produce more growth-stimulating proteins than others.What would you give him as a plausible explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tumor suppresor genes may have been activated in these cells.
B)   Proto-oncogenes may have mutated to become oncogenes in these cells.
C)   Mutations in homeotic genes may be responsible.
D)   This may result from vitamin C and vitamin E deficiencies.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

What is a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   The use of embryonic stem cells raises fewer ethical issues than the use of adult stem cells.
B)   Embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated; adult stem cells are partially differentiated.
C)   It is easier to enucleate embryonic stem cells.
D)   Adult stem cells are easier to grow in culture.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Examine the figure below.In a typical colon cancer,the first step is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene
B)   the mutation of a tumor-suppressor gene, producing an oncogene
C)   the mutation of a proto-oncogene, producing an oncogene
D)   the conversion of an oncogene to a tumor-suppressor geneE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Which of these lifestyle choices will increase cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

A)   jogging
B)   spending more time in the sun
C)   a diet low in plant fiber
D)   quitting smokingE) A) and B)
F) C) and D) C

Question 8

Cells communicate with one another via ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cascades of gene activation
B)   the diffusion of RNA transcripts through adhesion junctions
C)   signal transduction pathways
D)   RNA splicingE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA splicing
B)   attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
C)   transcription factors
D)   gene operonsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C) B

Question 10

What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within E.coli?

Accepted Answer

A)   the binding of lactose to the lac operon activator
B)   the presence of lactose
C)   the presence of lac operon activator protein
D)   the absence of lac operon repressor proteinE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Examine the figure below.The initiation of transcription requires that enhancers bind to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA
B)   the promoter
C)   transcription factors
D)   RNA polymeraseE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The "master control genes" that regulate other genes,which determine what body parts will develop in which locations,are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   enhancers
B)   homeotic genes
C)   oncogenes
D)   operonsE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

How can a single RNA transcript be translated into different polypeptides?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is more than one way to splice an RNA transcript.
B)   There is more than one way to modify the coded polypeptide.
C)   The length of its tail can vary.
D)   Two different genes can produce the same RNA transcript, which will then be translated differently.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Many proto-oncogenes regulate ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell growth
B)   cell suicide
C)   cell division
D)   cell repairE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus,it can be said that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait
B)   mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed from parent to offspring
C)   predisposition to these cancers is inherited
D)   (for these individuals)  lifestyle will have little impact on cancer riskE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

In eukaryotic cells,repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   silencers
B)   enhancers
C)   regulators
D)   operatorsE) A) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Question 17

Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   therapeutic cloning
B)   DNA microarray
C)   reproductive cloning
D)   karyotypingE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following turns off transcription by binding to the operator?

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA polymerase
B)   repressor
C)   promoter
D)   lactoseE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of these is most likely to cause the development of a six-legged frog?

Accepted Answer

A)   mutation of homeotic genes
B)   artificial selection
C)   dietary supplementation
D)   conversion of a proto-oncogene to an oncogeneE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Which of these is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A)   inactivation of tRNA
B)   alteration of DNA nucleotide sequences
C)   alteration of proteins
D)   binding of transcription factors to enhancersE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 11: How Genes Are Controlled

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

Correct Answer
verified

Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n) ______.

Correct Answer
verified

In prokaryotes,the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Examine the figure below.In a typical colon cancer,the first step is ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these lifestyle choices will increase cancer risk?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Cells communicate with one another via ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Correct Answer
verified
B

What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within E.coli?

Correct Answer
verified

Examine the figure below.The initiation of transcription requires that enhancers bind to _____.

Correct Answer
verified

The "master control genes" that regulate other genes,which determine what body parts will develop in which locations,are called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

How can a single RNA transcript be translated into different polypeptides?

Correct Answer
verified

Many proto-oncogenes regulate ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus,it can be said that ______.

Correct Answer
verified

In eukaryotic cells,repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ______.

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following turns off transcription by binding to the operator?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these is most likely to cause the development of a six-legged frog?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 11: How Genes Are Controlled

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n) ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In prokaryotes,the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the figure below.In a typical colon cancer,the first step is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these lifestyle choices will increase cancer risk?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Cells communicate with one another via ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within E.coli?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the figure below.The initiation of transcription requires that enhancers bind to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "master control genes" that regulate other genes,which determine what body parts will develop in which locations,are called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can a single RNA transcript be translated into different polypeptides?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many proto-oncogenes regulate ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inheritance of certain genes increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus,it can be said that ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In eukaryotic cells,repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following turns off transcription by binding to the operator?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is most likely to cause the development of a six-legged frog?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is a type of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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B

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A

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