A) portraits.
B) classical frescos.
C) still life.
D) daguerreotypes.
E) landscapes.
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A) organized religion had lost a fair portion of the theological rigor and austerity of the colonial era.
B) the influence of Calvinism had been reduced significantly from the colonial era.
C) the liberal doctrines of Deism had been embraced by certain Protestant denominations such as Unitarians.
D) organized religion had generally grown more theologically conservative than during the colonial eras.
E) a significant counterreactionagainst theological liberalism of the 1790s and early 1800s developed in the form of the Second Great Awakening.
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A) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B) Henry David Thoreau.
C) James Fenimore Cooper.
D) Angelina Grimke.
E) Margaret Fuller.
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A) resulted in the conversion of countless souls.
B) encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms.
C) strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists.
D) was a reaction against the growing liberalism in religion.
E) was not as large, democratic, or influential in terms of social reform as the First Great Awakening.
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A) promote religious diversity.
B) reduce social class differences.
C) blur regional differences.
D) discourage church membership.
E) weaken women's social position.
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A) polygamy.
B) free enterprise.
C) theocracy.
D) pacifism.
E) birth control.
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A) The Declaration of Sentiments
B) The Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York
C) The demand for the ballot for women
D) The call to boycott traditional marriage as oppressive to women
E) Women's increasing involvement in the antislavery movement
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A) they would gain political and economic power through education.
B) women were inherently conservative and opposed to social reform.
C) children should grow up without the influence of educated women.
D) the Constitution prohibited women from attending colleges.
E) too much learning would injure women's brains, ruin their health, and make them unfit for marriage.
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A) frontier life necessitated these distinctions.
B) men were regarded as morally superior beings.
C) it was the duty of men to teach the young how to be good, productive citizens.
D) the market economy increasingly separated men and women into distinct economic roles.
E) women believed this emphasis brought them greater respect.
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A) American women could vote.
B) the law in the United States prohibited men from beating them.
C) rape was more severely punished in the United States.
D) their ideas of equality were well received by American men.
E) American women earned respect by engaging in male activities.
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A) German philosophers.
B) Oriental religions.
C) Catholicism and the papacy.
D) individualism.
E) love of nature.
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A) in divine revelation.
B) in original sin.
C) in the deity of Christ.
D) that a Supreme Being endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior.
E) in the imminent end of the world.
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A) one-third
B) one-half
C) three-fourths
D) less than one-fourth
E) two-thirds
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A) Nathaniel Hawthorne.
B) Henry David Thoreau.
C) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
D) Herman Melville.
E) Walt Whitman.
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A) lack of first-rate art schools.
B) Puritan prejudice that art was a waste of time.
C) cultural dependence on Europe.
D) lack of adequate patronage from the wealthy or the government.
E) popular suspicion of artistic creativity.
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