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The Hudson River school excelled in the art of painting  


A) portraits.
B) classical frescos.
C) still life.
D) daguerreotypes.
E) landscapes.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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What was the relationship between industrialization and the women's rights movement? What did women reformers want in the early-mid-nineteenth century? How would you assess the scope and substance of their goals and measure their level of success?

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The relationship between industrializati...

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By 1850, all of the following were true about developments in organized religion in America except  


A) organized religion had lost a fair portion of the theological rigor and austerity of the colonial era.
B) the influence of Calvinism had been reduced significantly from the colonial era.
C) the liberal doctrines of Deism had been embraced by certain Protestant denominations such as Unitarians.
D) organized religion had generally grown more theologically conservative than during the colonial eras.
E) a significant counterreactionagainst theological liberalism of the 1790s and early 1800s developed in the form of the Second Great Awakening.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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American transcendentalist writers included  


A) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B) Henry David Thoreau.
C) James Fenimore Cooper.
D) Angelina Grimke.
E) Margaret Fuller.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Why were women prominent in the reform crusades of the early nineteenth century? What contributions did they make to social reform in different areas of economic, family, and political life? Evaluate the level of their success in these women's social reform endeavors.

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In the reform movements of the first half of the 1800s, historians have regarded some reformers in the abolitionist, temperance, mandatory public education, and asylum social reform movements not so much as heroes, but as people who sought social control.What is your opinion of this view on these social reformers held by some historians of the era?

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All the following are true of the Second Great Awakening except that it  


A) resulted in the conversion of countless souls.
B) encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms.
C) strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists.
D) was a reaction against the growing liberalism in religion.
E) was not as large, democratic, or influential in terms of social reform as the First Great Awakening.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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The Second Great Awakening tended to  


A) promote religious diversity.
B) reduce social class differences.
C) blur regional differences.
D) discourage church membership.
E) weaken women's social position.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The Mormons were advocates or practitioners of  


A) polygamy.
B) free enterprise.
C) theocracy.
D) pacifism.
E) birth control.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of these is NOT associated with the rise of the modern women's rights movement in 1848?  


A) The Declaration of Sentiments
B) The Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York
C) The demand for the ballot for women
D) The call to boycott traditional marriage as oppressive to women
E) Women's increasing involvement in the antislavery movement

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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One strong prejudice inhibiting women from obtaining higher education in the early nineteenth century was the belief that  


A) they would gain political and economic power through education.
B) women were inherently conservative and opposed to social reform.
C) children should grow up without the influence of educated women.
D) the Constitution prohibited women from attending colleges.
E) too much learning would injure women's brains, ruin their health, and make them unfit for marriage.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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What do you consider the single most worthwhile and consequential social reform movement of the early-mid-nineteenth century? Which social reform movement of the early-mid-nineteenth century do you consider the least worthwhile and influential in advancing social progress in America? Defend your arguments in both cases with specific examples.

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Sexual differences were strongly emphasized in nineteenth-century America because  


A) frontier life necessitated these distinctions.
B) men were regarded as morally superior beings.
C) it was the duty of men to teach the young how to be good, productive citizens.
D) the market economy increasingly separated men and women into distinct economic roles.
E) women believed this emphasis brought them greater respect.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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One sign that women in America were treated better than women in Europe was that  


A) American women could vote.
B) the law in the United States prohibited men from beating them.
C) rape was more severely punished in the United States.
D) their ideas of equality were well received by American men.
E) American women earned respect by engaging in male activities.

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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All of the following influenced transcendental thought except  


A) German philosophers.
B) Oriental religions.
C) Catholicism and the papacy.
D) individualism.
E) love of nature.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the belief  


A) in divine revelation.
B) in original sin.
C) in the deity of Christ.
D) that a Supreme Being endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior.
E) in the imminent end of the world.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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How do the Knickerbocker group, Hudson River school, and transcendentalists all reflect the nationalism of early-nineteenth-century America? What particularly American values did each reflect?

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Church attendance was still a regular ritual for ____ of the 23 million Americans in 1850.  


A) one-third
B) one-half
C) three-fourths
D) less than one-fourth
E) two-thirds

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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The writer who faded to obscurity in the nineteenth century but was recognized as one of America's greatest literary geniuses in the twentieth century and wrote the masterpiece work of fiction, Moby Dick, was  


A) Nathaniel Hawthorne.
B) Henry David Thoreau.
C) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
D) Herman Melville.
E) Walt Whitman.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Perhaps the greatest inhibiting factor for American artists in the first half of the nineteenth century was the  


A) lack of first-rate art schools.
B) Puritan prejudice that art was a waste of time.
C) cultural dependence on Europe.
D) lack of adequate patronage from the wealthy or the government.
E) popular suspicion of artistic creativity.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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