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Exam 10: Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Janice is following the DASH diet. When you look at her sodium intakes you would expect them to be:

A) below the RDA.
B) equal to RDA.
C) above the RDA but below the UL.
D) above the UL but below the Canadian average.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following electrolytes is negatively charged?

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) chloride
D) calcium

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Question 23

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What effect would you expect a sodium deficiency to have on the body's nerve impulses? Include an explanation of the role of sodium in nerve impulses in your response.

________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms.

Johnny has had severe diarrhea for three days. What effect could this have on his health? Consider electrolyte and fluid balance in your response.

Iliya has eaten a Cobb salad containing lettuce, tomatoes, processed cheese, bacon, processed chicken, pickled black olives, a hard-boiled egg, and a red wine vinaigrette for lunch. He ordered the salad because he would like to reduce his sodium intake and increase his potassium intake. Provide Iliya with some feedback on his choice.

Which of the following will likely result if the concentration of electrolytes inside a cell is higher than in the extracellular environment?

Which of the following is a diuretic, even if consumed on a fairly regular basis?

A bioelectrical impedance (BIA)scales measures percent body fat by sending a very small electrical current through the body. Muscle contains a greater percentage of water than fat; therefore, the current will pass more quickly through muscle. The scale can then use a formula to calculate percent body fat based on the resistance to the current. Imagine the first day you use the scale to measure your percent body fat prior to your hot yoga class but the next day you use the scale after your hot yoga class. Would you expect the results to be consistent? Why or why not?

Which of the following groups is the MOST vulnerable to dehydration?

Simon is a 45-year-old, healthy male. What should his total water intake for the day be?

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism?

Which of the following athletes would be at the GREATEST risk for heat stroke?

Water formed during oxidative metabolism accounts for what percentage of the water the body needs each day?

Malik goes to the movies and consumes a piece of pizza, a diet cola, and a large tub of salted popcorn. Describe how Malik's body will adapt to this meal and regulate his fluid balance. What foods and fluids is he likely to consume to help his body restore fluid balance? Would you recommend that Malik consume this type of a diet on a regular basis? Why or why not?

Water has a high heat capacity. What does this term mean?

Interstitial fluid is:

Hypertension affects approximately________ of all adult Canadians.

Nancy ran her first half-marathon in a very hot and humid environment. She explained to you that she did not carry any fluids because there were feed zones that provided water every 5 km. Half-way through the race Nancy got a very painful cramp in her calf muscle, even though she was drinking plenty of water. Explain to Nancy what likely occurred during her race.

Phosphorus in plants is primarily found in the form of: