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Exam 11: Sentencing

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Question 81

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In the case of ________,the Supreme Court essentially struck down the death penalty statutes of many states on the grounds that they allowed for arbitrary and capricious application of the death penalty.

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Question 82

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Although crime rates in the U.S.began to decline in the mid-1990s,incarceration rates continued to increase into the 2000s.

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Question 83

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Match the characteristic to the type of justice. A)Retributive justice B)Restorative justice -Pain is imposed to deter,punish,and prevent crime

Which goal of sentencing focuses on separating offenders from society to reduce opportunities for further criminality?

The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes

Match the capital punishment argument to its counterclaim. A)The taking of a life demands revenge. B)There are other ways to meet societal goals,such as life imprisonment. C)Capital punishment is a holdover from more primitive times and modern standards of human decency require the use of other alternatives. D)Forgiveness and rehabilitation are higher goals. E)Claims of disproportionality do not consider variations in frequency and seriousness of criminal behavior between and within different groups. F)Justice is beyond price. G)There is no evidence that innocent people have been executed. H)There are multiple safeguards at all levels of processing to protect the innocent and ensure the guilty are put to death. I)Capital punishment is ineffective because it is not imposed with swiftness and certainty. -Just deserts

Match the Supreme Court case on the death penalty to its ruling. A)The execution of mentally retarded individuals is unconstitutional. B)Imposing the death penalty for the rape of a child where the crime did not result in and was not intended to result in the victim's death is unconstitutional. C)Statutes that allowed for an arbitrary and capricious application of the death penalty were invalidated. D)Abolished the imposition of the death penalty on an offender who was under the age of 18 at the time the crime was committed. E)Struck down statutes imposing the death penalty for the rape of an adult woman. F)An IQ score of 70 or greater is not sufficient to bar an inmate from claiming mental disability in the face of execution. G)Upheld a bifurcated trial procedure in capital cases. H)Decisions on facts such as aggravating circumstances that may lead to a death sentence must be made by juries,not judges. I)Statutes requiring a mandatory sentence of death for first degree murder are unconstitutional. -Woodson v.North Carolina

Match the sentencing goal to its definition. A)Attempts to prevent potential offenders from becoming involved in crime by making an example of the offender being sentenced. B)Separates offenders from the community to reduce opportunities for future criminality C)A just deserts perspective that emphasizes taking revenge and holds offenders responsible for their crimes D)Attempts to make the victim and community "whole again" by addressing the damage crime causes E)Uses punishment to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality F)Attempts to reform convicted offenders and reduce the likelihood of future criminality -Rehabilitation

Match each characteristic of a crime with the type of circumstance it represents in court. A)Aggravating circumstance B)Mitigating circumstance -The defendant was hired to commit the crime

________ is a sentencing innovation that uses public embarrassment to attempt to change an offender's behavior.

Match the sentencing goal to its definition. A)Attempts to prevent potential offenders from becoming involved in crime by making an example of the offender being sentenced. B)Separates offenders from the community to reduce opportunities for future criminality C)A just deserts perspective that emphasizes taking revenge and holds offenders responsible for their crimes D)Attempts to make the victim and community "whole again" by addressing the damage crime causes E)Uses punishment to prevent a particular offender from engaging in repeat criminality F)Attempts to reform convicted offenders and reduce the likelihood of future criminality -General deterrence

The Crime Victims' Rights Act only establishes statutory rights for victims of federal crimes.