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Exam 10: The Structure and Function of DNA

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Question 1

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How many amino acids are common to all living systems?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 100

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Question 2

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The expressed (coding) regions of eukaryotic genes are called ________.

A) caps
B) promoters
C) exons
D) introns

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 3

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Scientific research companies sell kits that allow researchers to produce proteins in test tubes via a process known as "in vitro translation." Which one of following components is NOT needed in these kits?

Consider the following figure.It illustrates that a single amino acid substitution in the hemoglobin gene ________.

The DNA codon AGT codes for an amino acid carried by a tRNA with the anticodon ________.

The RNA that is translated into a polypeptide is ________ RNA.

RNA contains the nitrogenous base ________ instead of ________,which is found only in DNA.

Where is translation accomplished?

Scenario Questions Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time) during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and get the graph shown here. -The first thing you notice is that there is no immediate increase in viruses following infection.This is because ________.

An mRNA is expressed that begins with the sequence AUGCCAGGCGUC.Using the genetic code below,determine what peptide will be translated from this mRNA.

Which of the following would NOT likely develop as an emerging virus?

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) must use its own ________ to reproduce.

Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions. While working with cultured mouse cells, a researcher unknowingly treated the cells with a mutagen that causes the deletion or insertion of individual nucleotides in DNA. Subsequently, the researcher isolated and cultured a single cell from this group and noticed that the progeny of this cell were not producing a certain protein and that this affected their survival. -The researcher isolated a different single cell and determined that it was producing a certain protein.However,the protein was much shorter than it should have been.What kind of mutation likely occurred in this protein?

If a strand of DNA has the sequence AAGCTC,transcription will result in a(n) ________.

The region of DNA where RNA synthesis begins is the ________.

As an experiment,you infect bacteria with an unknown virus to see how the bacteriophage affects the bacteria.After a few days,you notice that the bacterial population is growing normally and that the cells appear healthy.Assuming that the infection occurred,what can you conclude from your observations?

What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?

Scenario Questions Please read the following scenario to answer the following questions If you were asked to study the pattern of bacterial growth (increase in numbers over time) during an infection, you would find that numbers of bacteria increase exponentially up to a certain point. Assume that you have been asked to interpret the growth of bacteriophages. You infect the host bacteria and measure the increase of phages over a defined period of time. You plot the results and get the graph shown here. -Assume that you want to take a sample of viruses so that you could use them to infect the most bacteria.At what point on the graph should you take your sample from if you want to achieve this goal?

How can bacteriophage DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing cell death?

The CORRECT sequence of events occurring during transcription is ________.