A) strengthened somewhat after the Red Cross reversed its long-standing policy against mixing blood from whites and blacks in its blood banks.
B) changed dramatically, particularly in the South, after a federal antilynching law was finally passed.
C) was not affected by Roosevelt's denunciation of any race of people claiming the right to be "master" over another.
D) in northeastern cities was not always improved, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs.
F) A) and C)
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A) The invasion of Japan was certain to cost as many as 250,000 American lives.
B) There was no indication that Japan was at all willing to surrender.
C) With the Soviet Union out of the war, the United States was to face the defeat of Japan on its own.
D) Hiroshima was a central site of weapons production in the Japanese empire.
F) All of the above
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The mass mobilization of American society during World War II helped end the Great Depression in the United States in several ways. First, the war effort created millions of jobs in the manufacturing and military sectors, reducing unemployment and stimulating economic growth. The demand for goods and services related to the war effort also boosted production and consumption, leading to increased economic activity.
Additionally, the government's massive spending on the war effort injected large amounts of money into the economy, further stimulating growth. This spending also helped to modernize and expand American industry, laying the groundwork for post-war economic prosperity.
Furthermore, the war effort led to technological advancements and innovations that had long-term economic benefits. For example, the development of new technologies and production methods during the war paved the way for the post-war economic boom, as industries were able to transition from wartime production to peacetime manufacturing.
Finally, the war effort fostered a sense of national unity and purpose, leading to increased social cohesion and cooperation. This unity helped to overcome the divisions and economic stagnation of the Great Depression, creating a more resilient and dynamic society.
In conclusion, the mass mobilization of American society during World War II helped end the Great Depression by creating jobs, stimulating economic growth, fostering technological advancements, and promoting national unity. These factors combined to lift the United States out of the economic hardship of the 1930s and set the stage for the prosperity of the post-war era.
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A) Germany's Nazi leaders, it turned out, had entertained a romanticized fascination with the Confederacy.
B) African-Americans had borne the brunt of the fight against German troops and demonstrated that they were the "master race."
C) The exceptional cruelty American soldiers exercised against Germans had sobered Americans on the idea that they were a "master race."
D) The contradictions between the principle and practice of freedom in the actual status of African-Americans came to the forefront during the war.
F) C) and D)
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A) decreasing union membership.
B) agreeing to a no-strike pledge.
C) accepting wage cuts.
D) asking Congress to abolish Social Security.
F) None of the above
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A) In the wake of the U.S. navy's defeat at Pearl Harbor, it was the Japanese that governed Hawaii.
B) The number of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii was so insignificant that the order seemed irrelevant.
C) Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical.
D) Most persons of Japanese descent in Hawaii actually served in military units.
F) A) and B)
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A) Black soldiers sometimes had to give up their railroad cars seats to accommodate Nazi prisoners of war.
B) When World War II began, the air force and marines had no black members.
C) Officially, the GI Bill offered the same benefits to returning black soldiers as it did to whites.
D) Over 1 million blacks served in the armed forces during World War II, many in the first desegregated units in modern military history.
F) C) and D)
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A) Japan requested an emergency session of the League of Nations to discuss treaty options with the United States.
B) Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power.
C) Japanese diplomats seeking a peaceful solution in a territorial dispute with China were killed in Nanking.
D) Domestic power struggles kept Japan out of international affairs until 1941.
F) None of the above
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A) was a campaign slogan of the Republicans.
B) were the war aims of Nazi Germany.
C) were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims.
D) included the freedom to join the Communist Party.
F) None of the above
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A) Churchill resented Roosevelt's private meetings with Stalin over proposed divisions of conquered Japanese territory in the Far East.
B) Churchill did not agree with Roosevelt's proposal to have the Soviet Union join the war against Japan.
C) Churchill and Roosevelt disagreed over the future status of Britain's overseas colonies.
D) Churchill resented an early suggestion by Roosevelt to allow communism in postwar Europe if the people supported it by popular referendum.
F) None of the above
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A) Tremendous wage increases prompted young Mexican workers to spend carelessly on frivolous outfits.
B) Employment opportunities in the defense sector attracted Mexican farmworkers to the cities, where they built exclusive barrio neighborhoods.
C) Service in segregated army units motivated Mexican-American activists to join ranks with African-American civil rights groups.
D) Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods.
F) A) and D)
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A) Mexican immigrants were denied entry to the United States.
B) Mexican immigrants were eligible for citizenship.
C) Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship.
D) Indians were encouraged to leave their reservations.
F) A) and B)
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A) was very limited in scope.
B) included scholarships for education for veterans.
C) extended benefits to very few veterans.
D) did not include health insurance.
F) A) and C)
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A) was kept a secret from the entire executive branch except President Roosevelt and Vice President Truman.
B) enabled the development of an atomic weapon based on the theories of German scientists involving energy and matter.
C) was operated jointly by the United States and Great Britain.
D) produced an atomic bomb that was successfully tested before FDR's death in 1945.
F) B) and C)
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A) unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased.
B) the economy grew only slightly.
C) income taxes increased only for the wealthy.
D) little was done to regulate the economy.
F) All of the above
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A) advocated for laissez-faire economics.
B) offered an intellectual basis for the critique of active government.
C) was written by an Austrian-born economist who embraced the label of "conservative" all of his life.
D) A and B
F) B) and C)
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A) America's rhetoric at home and its foreign policy abroad.
B) American values and American racial policies.
C) American business ethos and American labor unions.
D) America's isolationism and Germany's aggression.
F) A) and B)
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B
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A) deemed Japanese internment unconstitutional.
B) upheld the legality of Japanese internment.
C) deemed loyalty oaths constitutional.
D) barred Japanese-Americans from serving in the U.S. military.
F) C) and D)
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A) early republic.
B) antebellum period.
C) Gilded Age.
D) Great Depression.
F) All of the above
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A) He feared that the Republican incumbent Wendell Wilkie lacked the experience to govern the nation.
B) He argued that the nation should not switch its executive leadership in the middle of war.
C) He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post.
D) He argued that the United States could only defeat the dictators of Italy, Germany, and Japan if they follow the leader with similar authority and power.
F) A) and D)
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C
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