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What would a Lod score of 3.2 tell you about genetic linkage? What information does the 0 value tell you?

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Scores of greater than 3.0 provide evidence of genetic linkage. 0 values that correspond to a significant Lod score indicate an approximate distance (in cM) between linked genes.

Refer to this map to answer the questions: Refer to this map to answer the questions: a) What is the distance between gene E and gene F? b) Assuming I = 0, what is the probability of no crossovers between gene D and gene E? c) Assuming I = 0, what is the probability of no crossovers between gene E and gene F? d) Considering both gene pairs, what is the proportion of nonrecombinant gametes? e) What is the predicted frequency of each parental gamete (DEF/def )? f) What is the recombination frequency between gene D and gene E? g) What is the recombination frequency between gene E and gene F? h) What is the frequency of two single recombinant gametes between genes D and E? i) What is the frequency of two single recombinant gametes between genes E and F? j) What is the frequency of each of the double- recombinant gametes, DeF and dEf? k) Fill in the blanks below to prove that the sum of the frequencies of the eight predicted gamete genotypes is e 1.0: \overline { D E F } ^ { + } + \frac { } { d e f } + \frac { } { D e f } +\frac { } { d E F } +\frac { } { D E f } + \frac { }{ d e F } +\frac { } { D e F } + \frac { } { d E f } = 1 a) What is the distance between gene E and gene F? b) Assuming I = 0, what is the probability of no crossovers between gene D and gene E? c) Assuming I = 0, what is the probability of no crossovers between gene E and gene F? d) Considering both gene pairs, what is the proportion of nonrecombinant gametes? e) What is the predicted frequency of each parental gamete (DEF/def )? f) What is the recombination frequency between gene D and gene E? g) What is the recombination frequency between gene E and gene F? h) What is the frequency of two single recombinant gametes between genes D and E? i) What is the frequency of two single recombinant gametes between genes E and F? j) What is the frequency of each of the double- recombinant gametes, DeF and dEf? k) Fill in the blanks below to prove that the sum of the frequencies of the eight predicted gamete genotypes is e 1.0: DEF‾++def+Def+dEF+DEf+deF+DeF+dEf=1\overline { D E F } ^ { + } + \frac { } { d e f } + \frac { } { D e f } +\frac { } { d E F } +\frac { } { D E f } + \frac { }{ d e F } +\frac { } { D e F } + \frac { } { d E f } = 1

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a) 12 m.u.
b) 92%
c) 88%
d) (0.92)(0.88)...

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In sweet peas, the genes for flower color and pollen grain shape are 11 cM apart. A pure- breeding purple flowering plant with round pollen grains is crossed to a pure- breeding red flowering plant with long pollen grains. The resulting F1 offspring are all purple flowering plants with long pollen grains. What percent of offspring from a test cross analysis of the F1 individuals would you expect to be red flowering plants with long pollen grains?


A) 5.5
B) 89
C) 44.5
D) 39
E) 11

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following contributes to maintaining linkage disequilibrium in a population?


A) recombination
B) migration of individuals with new SNP haplotypes into the population
C) mutation
D) natural selection
E) having a very small distance between genes and their syntenic genetic markers

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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The specific array of alleles making up a set of linked genes on a single chromosome is called a_______ .

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Which of the following is true regarding comparison of the physical maps and recombination maps?


A) Only with recent genome sequence analysis, which compares physical and recombination maps, has it been possible to determine that recombination hotspots are distributed evenly throughout the Drosophila genome.
B) Map distances calculated by recombination frequencies can underestimate the physical distance between two genes.
C) There is a linear relationship between recombination frequency and physical distance if the genes are separated by more than 50 cM.
D) Two genes with a coldspot between them have larger recombination frequencies than predicted by their physical distances.
E) Two genes with a hotspot between them have smaller recombination frequencies than predicted by their physical distances.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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B

The order of the genes on a plant chromosome is A, B, C, where A and B are located 10 cM apart and B and C are located 3 cM apart. What is the probability that the trihybrid ABC/abc will produce any kind of recombinant gamete?


A) 0.30%
B) 87.30%
C) 1.27%
D) 8.73%
E) 12.70%

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Recombination frequency differs between males and females. Which sex has a higher rate of recombination, heterogametic (males) or homogametic (females)?

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homogameti...

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For a given cross, the expected number of double recombinants is 18 and the observed number of double recombinants is 12. What is the coefficient of coincidence (COC) ?


A) 1.50
B) 0.50
C) 0.67
D) 0.33
E) 0.30

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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A chromosome with a different combination of alleles than parental that is created by crossing over between homologous chromosomes is termed _______.

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recombinan...

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What is a two- point test cross, involving a dihybrid F1 fly, used for when mapping genes?


A) to determine if the F1 fly is homozygous dominant or heterozygous
B) to determine the allele combinations that a homozygous recessive fly can create
C) to determine which alleles are dominant and which are recessive
D) to determine the recombination frequency between two genes
E) to determine the allele combinations that the F1 fly can produce

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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If too little time has passed for crossing over to randomize haplotypes or if natural selection favors certain haplotypes, what would you expect to see?

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linkage disequilibrium

Genes A and B are located 10 cM from each other on a chromosome. Gene C is located 25 cM from gene A and 15 cM from gene B. Assuming that I = 0, what is the probability that the trihybrid ABC/abc will produce an AbC gamete?


A) 25%
B) 3.75%
C) 63.75%
D) 76.5%
E) 1.5%

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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5% recombination is equal to ______map unit(s) (m.u.) or centimorgan(s) (cM) of distance between linked genes.

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Genes A, B, and C lie at map positions 2.5, 7.5, and 17.5, respectively. In a three- point test cross, you observed 2 double crossovers in a total of 1000 progeny. What is the interference in this region?

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The alleles of linked genes tend to _______ .


A) experience a higher rate of crossing over
B) be mutated more often than unlinked genes
C) assort independently
D) assort independently and show a higher rate of crossing over
E) segregate together during gamete production

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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What is the highest possible frequency of recombination between linked genes that can be generated by any type of crossover event?

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Incomplete genetic linkage is far more common than complete linkage. What is the term for gametes produced when recombination shuffles the alleles of linked genes?

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nonparenta...

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The syntenic genes B and T are linked. A cross between two parents, with genotypes BBtt and bbTT, produces F1 progeny with the BbTt genotype. What are the possible arrangements of alleles on the F1 progeny's chromosomes?


A) Bb/Tt
B) BT/Bt or bt/bT
C) BT/bt
D) Bt/bT
E) B/T or b/t

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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After analysis of 100 pedigrees, the Zmax from the analysis of linkage between a disease gene D and the DNA marker P was found to be - 2.5 at 0 = 0.01. Which of the following is the best interpretation of these results?


A) The evidence supports linkage of D and P at 1.0 cM.
B) The evidence indicates that D and P are not linked.
C) The evidence supports linkage of D and P at 10 cM.
D) No conclusion can be made regarding linkage of D and P.
E) The evidence supports linkage of D and P at 0.1 cM.

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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