Question 1

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  Podocytes are the branching epithelial cells that line the tubules of the nephron.
B)  The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium.
C)  The glomerulus is correctly described as the proximal end of the proximal convoluted tubule.
D)  Filtration slits are the pores that give fenestrated capillaries their name.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 2

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct
B)  glomerular filtration membrane
C)  nephron loop
D)  distal convoluted tubuleE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 3

If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg) renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells.Which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood plasma and extracellular fluids volume will increase
B)  Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will decrease
C)  Net filtration pressure (NFP) will decrease
D)  Kidney perfusion will increaseE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  by producing new bicarbonate ions
B)  by reabsorbing filtered bicarbonate ions
C)  by secreting hydrogen ions into the filtrate
D)  by secreting sodium ionsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The presence of pus in the urine is a condition called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The presence of pus in the urine...

Question 6

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density,which is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less than water
B)  much higher than water
C)  the same as water
D)  slightly higher than waterE) B) and D)
F) All of the above D

Question 8

Ellen,a 47-year-old woman who has suffered kidney disease for several years,has been diagnosed with proteinuria.Her legs and feet are so swollen that she has difficulty walking.Her hands and her left arm are also swollen.What is proteinuria,and could this condition be playing a role in her swollen limbs?

Accepted Answer

Proteinuria is a condition in which the ...

Question 9

The relatively long half-life of lipid soluble hormones (steroid hormones) compared to water soluble hormones is due in part to the way that these hormones are passed into the filtrate from the glomerular capillaries.From the list below select the best explanation for why lipid soluble (steroid) hormones have a relatively long half-life.

Accepted Answer

A)  The large size of the steroid hormones prevents them from passing through the filtration membrane.
B)  Steroid hormones are absorbed by target cells before they can reach the kidneys.
C)  The relatively small size of steroid hormones allows them to easily pass back into the peritubular capillaries if released into the filtrate.
D)  Steroid hormones travel in the plasma on large transport proteins that cannon pass through the filtration membrane.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra,urinary bladder,and finally the ureter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine output will decrease.
B)  Net filtration pressure will decrease.
C)  Systemic blood pressure will decrease.
D)  Glomerular filtration rate will decrease.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1.major calyx
2) minor calyx
3) nephron
4) urethra
5) ureter
6) collecting duct

Accepted Answer

A)  6,3,2,1,5,4
B)  3,6,2,1,5,4
C)  3,1,2,6,5,4
D)  2,1,3,6,5,4E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 14

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero,what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normally all the glucose is reabsorbed.
B)  The clearance value of glucose is relatively high in a healthy adult.
C)  The glucose molecule is too large to be filtered out of the blood.
D)  Most of the glucose is filtered out of the blood and is not reabsorbed in the convoluted tubules.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  the pressure of the fluid in the bladder
B)  motor neurons
C)  the stretching of the bladder wall
D)  the sympathetic efferentsE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Explain how filtration works in the glomerular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The glomerular capillaries are fenestrated,allowing fairly large molecules to pass through.The substances must pass through the basement membrane,where they are further selected for size by the filtration slits of the podocytes.

Question 18

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolytes
B)  hormones
C)  glucose
D)  plasma proteinE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin I and epinephrine
B)  angiotensin I and atrial natriuretic peptide
C)  angiotensin II and ADH
D)  angiotensin II and aldosteroneE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolyte levels
B)  hormonal regulation
C)  renal autoregulation
D)  neural regulationE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Exam 25: The Urinary System

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Correct Answer
verified

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg) renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells.Which of the following is not likely to occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

Correct Answer
verified

The presence of pus in the urine is a condition called ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

Correct Answer
verified

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density,which is ________.

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified
Proteinuria is a condition in which the ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra,urinary bladder,and finally the ureter.

Correct Answer
verified

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Correct Answer
verified

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1.major calyx 2) minor calyx 3) nephron 4) urethra 5) ureter 6) collecting duct

Correct Answer
verified

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.

Correct Answer
verified
False

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero,what does this mean?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding) ?

Correct Answer
verified

The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.

Correct Answer
verified

Explain how filtration works in the glomerular capillaries.

Correct Answer
verified
The glomerular capillaries are fenestrated,allowing fairly large molecules to pass through.The substances must pass through the basement membrane,where they are further selected for size by the filtration slits of the podocytes.

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 25: The Urinary System

Select the correct statement about the nephrons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient depends most on the permeability properties of the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If blood pressure drops very low (MAP is below 80mmHg) renin enzyme will be secreted by granular cells.Which of the following is not likely to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the choices below is not a method by which the cells of the renal tubules can raise blood pH?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of pus in the urine is a condition called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density,which is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct AnswerverifiedProteinuria is a condition in which the ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The path urine takes after it is formed until it leaves the body is the urethra,urinary bladder,and finally the ureter.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the diameter of the efferent arterioles leading away from the glomerulus increases (vasodilation) which of the following is not likely to occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Place the following in correct sequence from the formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body. 1.major calyx 2) minor calyx 3) nephron 4) urethra 5) ureter 6) collecting duct

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

If one says that the clearance value of glucose is zero,what does this mean?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following acts as the trigger for the initiation of micturition (voiding) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The trigone is so named because of the shape of the urinary bladder.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how filtration works in the glomerular capillaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe glomerular capillaries are fenestrated,allowing fairly large molecules to pass through.The substances must pass through the basement membrane,where they are further selected for size by the filtration slits of the podocytes.

The fluid in glomerular capsule is similar to plasma except that it does not contain a significant amount of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the choices below is not a glomerular filtration rate control method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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D

Correct Answer
verified
Proteinuria is a condition in which the ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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False

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
The glomerular capillaries are fenestrated,allowing fairly large molecules to pass through.The substances must pass through the basement membrane,where they are further selected for size by the filtration slits of the podocytes.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified