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According to research, a tentative and accommodating speech style has few, if any, advantages.

A) True
B) False

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American Sign Language is considered a literal system of communication rather than symbolic.

A) True
B) False

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Statements that basically cancel the thought that precedes them are


A) "it" statements.
B) "but" statements.
C) "we" statements.
D) "I/we" statements.
E) "you" statements.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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INSTRUCTIONS for questions 91-99: Identify each of the following statements as fact or inference. -Their new apartment is more comfortable than the old one.


A) inference
B) fact

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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Language styles vary across cultures


A) in elaborateness or succinctness.
B) in directness.
C) in formality or informality.
D) None of these choices are correct.
E) All of these choices are correct.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is an accurate statement from the "Swearing at Work" reading?


A) Hearers who are surprised by a speaker's swearing are likely to deem the person as incompetent.
B) Swearing can express emotional intensity.
C) Swearing can be a term of endearment.
D) Not swearing can violate the norms of some organizations.
E) All of the above are accurate statements.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Making an inference is a reasonable thing to do relationally as long as


A) you make a number of them.
B) you wait for the other to infer also.
C) the other person understands you.
D) you identify the inference to the other person.
E) you first describe the observable behavior that led to the inference.

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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When we study semantic rules, we learn that


A) words mean a lot in and of themselves.
B) understanding occurs as a result of users agreeing on the same meanings for words.
C) words typically can be interpreted in only one way.
D) meanings rest more in words than in the people who use them.
E) All of these choices are correct are true about semantic rules.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Of the following, what is not characteristic of pragmatic rules?


A) They are almost always stated.
B) They help us interpret messages in a given context.
C) They aren't found in a dictionary.
D) They govern how speech operates in everyday interaction.
E) All of these choices are characteristic of pragmatic rules.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Expressions of disapproval are likely to be received more positively if they include a disclaimer such as "I don't mean to sound judgmental but…"

A) True
B) False

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Convergent speech patterns


A) demonstrate superiority over others.
B) express power and a sense of formality.
C) demonstrate affiliation with one another.
D) always utilize "I" statements instead of "you" statements.
E) None of these choices are correct.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Emotive words are words that sound as if they're describing something, but are really announcing the speaker's attitude toward it.

A) True
B) False

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After years of research, it has been concluded that names have little effect on how others think of us and the way we act.

A) True
B) False

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Syntactic rules of language govern


A) the grammar of a language.
B) the ways in which speakers respond to symbols.
C) the words that become slang.
D) the creation of new tactics.
E) the way that semanticists create meaning.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Succinctness in language is most extreme in cultures where


A) silence is valued.
B) the language system is limited.
C) more than one language is spoken.
D) verbal fluency is admired.
E) the use of equivocation is high.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Problems can arise when we label our opinions as facts.

A) True
B) False

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If I say "here the drink bring," I have violated a(n) __________ rule of our language.


A) initial
B) syntactic
C) median
D) semantic
E) final

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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Misunderstandings that revolve around equivocal and relative language can all be clarified by


A) clearer punctuation of perceptual events.
B) more interpersonal and less impersonal communication.
C) replacing abstract terms with concrete ones.
D) static definitions.
E) sequential placement.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Communication scholars use the term "cooperation" to describe the way conversation operates when everyone involved uses the same set of pragmatic rules.

A) True
B) False

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