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Exam 17: Viruses

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Question 1

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-In the figure above,at the arrow marked II,what enzyme is being utilized?

A) reverse transcriptase
B) viral DNA polymerase
C) host cell DNA polymerase
D) host cell RNA polymerase

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 2

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Which of the following statements correctly describes the most probable fate of a newly emerging virus that causes high mortality in its host?

A) It is able to spread to a large number of new hosts quickly because the new hosts have no immunological memory of them.
B) The new virus replicates quickly and undergoes rapid adaptation to a series of divergent hosts.
C) Sporadic outbreaks will be followed almost immediately by a widespread pandemic.
D) The newly emerging virus will die out rather quickly or will mutate to be far less lethal.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Question 3

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A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) .The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight.The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants.Which of the following would be expected to occur?

Emerging viruses arise by

RNA viruses require their own supply of certain enzymes because

Which of the following series of events best reflects what we know about how the flu virus moves between species?

-In the figure above,when new viruses are being assembled during the step labeled IV,how is the assembly of the new virus particles completed?

-Which of the three types of viruses shown in the figure above would you expect to include a capsid(s) as part of their overall structure?

The herpesviruses are very important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in all vertebrate species and in some invertebrates such as oysters.Some of the human ones are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II,causing facial and genital lesions,and the varicella zoster virus (VSV) ,causing chicken pox and shingles.Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue.Primary infections are fairly mild,but the virus is not then cleared from the host;rather,viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase.The virus can then reactivate,replicate again,and be infectious to others. In electron micrographs of HSV infection,it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell-surface proteoglycans,then with specific receptors.This is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores.Afterward,the capsids go from being full to being "empty." Which of the following statements best describes these observations?

The herpesviruses are very important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in all vertebrate species and in some invertebrates such as oysters.Some of the human ones are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II,causing facial and genital lesions,and the varicella zoster virus (VSV) ,causing chicken pox and shingles.Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue.Primary infections are fairly mild,but the virus is not then cleared from the host;rather,viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase.The virus can then reactivate,replicate again,and be infectious to others. If scientists are trying to use what they know about HSV to devise a means of protecting other people from being infected,which of the following would have the best chance of lowering the number of new cases of infection?

Which of the following statements correctly describes one characteristic of the lytic cycle of viral replication?

A human pandemic is

Why do RNA viruses tend to have unusually high rates of mutation?

Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses?

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the lysogenic cycle of lambda (λ) phage?

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

The herpesviruses are very important enveloped DNA viruses that cause disease in all vertebrate species and in some invertebrates such as oysters.Some of the human ones are herpes simplex virus (HSV) types I and II,causing facial and genital lesions,and the varicella zoster virus (VSV) ,causing chicken pox and shingles.Each of these three actively infects nervous tissue.Primary infections are fairly mild,but the virus is not then cleared from the host;rather,viral genomes are maintained in cells in a latent phase.The virus can then reactivate,replicate again,and be infectious to others. In order to be able to remain latent in an infected live cell,HSV must be able to shut down what process?

Which of the following statements correctly describes viruses?

Most molecular biologists think that viruses originated from naked bits of cellular nucleic acid.Which of the following observations supports this theory?