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The primary difference between hydraulic and action theories of state development is that:​


A) ​action theory does not acknowledge the needs of food production
B) ​hydraulic theory does not take into account the effects of individuals and focuses rather exclusively on environment
C) ​hydraulic theory does not take into account the role of humans in environmental modification
D) ​action theory does not address the importance of water

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Clearly, the environment played the major role in the development of all state societies and urban areas.​

A) True
B) False

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The hydraulic theory is an example of what kind of approach?​


A) ​action
B) ​ecological
C) ​political
D) ​symbolic

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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The theory of state development focused on the importance of leadership is called _______________.​

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The early city of Teotihuacan was designed according to:​


A) ​a standard Spanish grid pattern
B) ​visions and prophecies
C) ​regional topography
D) ​the solar calendar

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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In cities such as Mohenjo-Daro and Teotihuacan, the downtown urban area was laid out in the form of a __________.​

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What kind of data was collected from the study of nonmonumental structures at Tikal?​


A) ​state political interests
B) ​trade and exchange routes
C) ​site size and population
D) ​religious affiliation

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Archaeologists found that ancient Tikal extended far beyond the original area surveyed after four years of __________.​

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Because of the emergence of devastating infectious diseases in Europe, the urban population there was not self-sustaining until which century?​


A) ​18th
B) ​19th
C) ​20th
D) ​21st

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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C

What is the Bronze Age?​

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​It is a period in the Old World marked ...

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In Eurasia and Africa, the production of tools made by this metal marked the age of _______________.​

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Ani was once a privileged city in the Mongol Empire.​

A) True
B) False

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True

During the time of the development of early state societies, northern Europeans developed a tendency for sickle-cell anemia.​

A) True
B) False

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Material items found in burials are called ________________.​

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​The Silk Roads extended from Eurasia to central __________.

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King Hammurabi is best known for developing an improved writing system in Babylon.​

A) True
B) False

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The first emperor of which civilization was buried with 7,000 life-size terra-cotta figures?​


A) ​Indonesia
B) ​Mesopotamia
C) ​Japan
D) ​China

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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After de Soto's journey through their territory, the Caddo population declined, likely due to disease, an estimated:​


A) ​50 percent
B) ​68 percent
C) ​84 percent
D) ​96 percent

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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D

Following the excavations in the 1960s, archaeologists at Tikal began to focus on:​


A) ​dwelling sites around the larger buildings
B) ​the temple complex and major buildings
C) ​monumental architecture at the site
D) ​slave quarters and workers' dwellings on the outskirts

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Ani represents the ultimate cultural achievement and is a national historic heritage site for:​


A) ​Greece
B) ​Turkey
C) ​Armenia
D) ​Russia

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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