Exam 28: Cold War America

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President Eisenhower's foreign policy pr...

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A) Although foreign affairs remained unprecedentedly stable during this period, domestic affairs took a turn for the worse, as several epidemics brought shorter average life spans and economic growth brought increased crime.
B) Because the cold war had come to an end soon after the Second World War, Americans came to experience prosperity in their day-to-day lives and could focus on rebuilding the economy without the threat of nuclear war in the background.
C) Most Americans had emerged from the Second World War disappointed by their country's exhausted industrial capacity and declining international stature and looked to the cold war as a means of becoming a world power once again.
D) The period was dominated by American presidents who leaned toward extremes in all ways, much as the leaders of the Axis powers had during the Second World War-refusing to take an approach of moderation and insisting on fighting fire with fire.
E) Although white, middle-class Americans enjoyed unprecedented economic growth, the idealized image of America at the time was much more complicated in terms of race and class, and many feared what the new age of nuclear terror might bring.

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A) The theory was a tactic of debilitating a rival country's economy by applying progressively harsh sanctions, which Eisenhower came to adopt reluctantly because the United States had become increasingly dependent on the Soviet economy.
B) Holding that the United States must be the first domino to fall by exemplifying the virtues of democratic governance, the theory was used to back Eisenhower's decision to turn away from foreign policy and focus on domestic issues at home.
C) The theory was an effective on-the-ground military strategy adopted by U.S. commanders of toppling enemy bases in quick succession, used for the first time in Vietnam and a radical departure from how the United States had fought wars in the past.
D) First used to retroactively describe how all of Southeast Asia had already fallen to Communist governments, the theory was intended to justify the Eisenhower administration's new focus on preventing communism from spreading to Europe.
E) Describing how quickly communism would spread once it infiltrated a nation, the theory was used by Eisenhower to justify beginning conflicts such as the Vietnam War, despite the fact that anti-colonial insurgencies often resulted from nationalist motives.

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A) business.
B) the military.
C) higher education.
D) politics.
E) the law.

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A) Marxist-Leninism
B) black nationalism
C) massive resistance
D) McGarveyism
E) nonviolent civil disobedience

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A) They were never very commercially successful at the time.
B) They blended a variety of musical styles.
C) They appealed equally to all ages and generations.
D) They are best remembered for his piano playing.
E) They were part of a Communist plot.

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A) African American veterans received preference when applying for federal government jobs or loans because the creators of the bill recognized difficulties they faced.
B) Benefits experienced by African Americans were limited because for example, most colleges and universities remained racially segregated and refused to admit blacks.
C) The GI Bill stipulated that only white American veterans would receive the benefits due to the content of contracts African American veterans had to sign when joining the military.
D) Because the GI Bill tended to help veterans attend public rather than private universities, African American veterans rarely experienced racial discrimination there.
E) Although African American veterans continued to face discrimination after the war, the GI Bill made it common and encouraged them to buy homes in white neighborhoods.

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A) was the openly gay cultural figure who wrote the provocative prose-poem "Howl"
B) challenged bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, by being arrested rather than giving up a seat to a white man
C) wrote The Crack in the Picture Window, a vicious satire of affluent suburbia
D) was the American pilot who had spied on the Soviets by taking pictures of military installations
E) proclaimed the creation of a Democratic Republic of Vietnam and used force to resist the restoration of a colonial regime
F) was the Soviet premier who threatened to give East Germany control of East Berlin and walked out of the resulting summit meeting
G) was an Arkansas governor who argued that racial integration was an issue of states rights
H) was a chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court under whose leadership it was an engine for social and political change
I) led a Communist regime in Cuba and failed to be ousted despite a secret operation authorized by Eisenhower
J) was the prime minister of Iran who cut diplomatic ties with Great Britain and was later overthrown

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A) was the openly gay cultural figure who wrote the provocative prose-poem "Howl"
B) challenged bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, by being arrested rather than giving up a seat to a white man
C) wrote The Crack in the Picture Window, a vicious satire of affluent suburbia
D) was the American pilot who had spied on the Soviets by taking pictures of military installations
E) proclaimed the creation of a Democratic Republic of Vietnam and used force to resist the restoration of a colonial regime
F) was the Soviet premier who threatened to give East Germany control of East Berlin and walked out of the resulting summit meeting
G) was an Arkansas governor who argued that racial integration was an issue of states rights
H) was a chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court under whose leadership it was an engine for social and political change
I) led a Communist regime in Cuba and failed to be ousted despite a secret operation authorized by Eisenhower
J) was the prime minister of Iran who cut diplomatic ties with Great Britain and was later overthrown

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A) It led to increased U.S. government funding for science education and defense spending.
B) An American aircraft shot it down over Cuba, starting a tense confrontation with the Soviet Union.
C) The satellite was armed with weapons and posed a clear threat to the United States.
D) It was a major feat in that it was the first manned spacecraft launched from Earth.
E) The satellite was based on stolen U.S. plans, alerting the government to espionage.

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A) middle-class status.
B) quality public housing.
C) acceptance and respect.
D) the inability to vote.
E) new problems due to racial prejudice but better lives overall.

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