A) The Haber-Bosch process makes fertilizer with higher quality nitrogen and phosphorus than occurs naturally in soil.
B) Nitrogen and phosphorus move out of the air and into the soil very slowly,so fertilizer is needed for the next crop.
C) The nitrogen and phosphorus the plants took from the soil will not return to the field through decomposition.
D) The bacteria in the field use up the nitrogen and phosphorus remaining in the soil after the crop is harvested.
E) Soil weathering does not occur quickly enough to replace the nitrogen and phosphorus lost when the crop was harvested.
G) A) and D)
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A) mutated chromosomes that induce daughter cells to undergo apoptosis
B) chromosomes that are replicated without regard to cell readiness
C) chromosomes that contain structural errors that will be passed to daughter cells
D) mutated chromosomes that are detected and digested by gatekeeper enzymes
E) improperly aligned chromosomes that are not equally distributed to daughter cells
G) B) and E)
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A) From a high perch,a raptor dives toward its prey.
B) An animal has stores of lipids in its fatty tissues.
C) A green plant absorbs light to make sugar molecules.
D) A seed remains dormant for an extended period.
E) A human jogs down the street for exercise.
G) A) and D)
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A) One species successfully prevents another species from using a resource.
B) Their habitat has only a limited quantity of a resource both species need.
C) Their environment lacks a resource that one of the species requires.
D) Males of the two species compete for mates belonging to the other species.
E) The two species do not have a way to partition a resource they both need.
G) B) and E)
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A) Ice would sink rather than float,so there would be no ice sheets or ice bergs.
B) Water would be unable to freeze at all,causing the total loss of polar bear habitat.
C) Permanent ice would form on the surface,creating more habitat for polar bears.
D) Water would stay liquid over a wider temperature range,limiting ice formation.
E) Water would become polar,causing it to freeze more solidly and melt less easily.
G) D) and E)
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A) to delay ripening until the grapes reach their market
B) to enhance the sweetness of the grapes
C) to make the grapes grow larger
D) to alter the color of the grape skins
E) to force the grapes to ripen earlier
G) B) and D)
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A) An incorrect amino acid is added to the growing chain,resulting in a defective protein that potentially does not function properly.
B) Protein synthesis comes to a full stop.
C) All the correct amino acids are represented,but the out-of-sequence chain results in a mutated protein.
D) The defective mRNA molecule does not move into the cytoplasm after transcription,therefore the protein is not synthesized.
E) The mutated nucleotide is skipped,shifting and regrouping the remaining codons to create a different protein.
G) D) and E)
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A) The vacuole deflates as water flows in.
B) The vacuole expands as water flows in.
C) The vacuole swells as water flows out.
D) The vacuole remains constant in size.
E) The vacuole shrinks as water flows out.
G) None of the above
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A) In a meadow,cottontail rabbits eat young plants and grey foxes hunt and eat the rabbits.
B) In North America,polar bears live in the Arctic and black bears live in temperate forests.
C) Among the lizards in a forest,green anoles hunt insects in the tree branches and brown anoles hunt insects at ground level.
D) Among the birds living along a lake shore,cardinals forage for seeds on the shore and ospreys catch and eat fish.
E) On a farm,birds called barn swallows catch flying insects during the day and little brown bats catch flying insects at night.
G) C) and D)
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A) DNA is positively charged,and like charges attract.
B) DNA is neutral,but it associates with negatively charged RNA.
C) DNA is neutral,but it associates with negatively charged proteins.
D) DNA is negatively charged,and opposite charges attract.
E) DNA is neutral,but it associates with positively charged proteins.
G) A) and E)
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A) keep plant upright
B) maintain cell shape
C) protect from bacteria
D) magnify visible light
E) absorb UV light
G) A) and D)
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A) time of year
B) direction of light
C) gravity
D) temperature
E) touch
G) A) and D)
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A) Fir trees grow in number,increasing the amount of food available for moose.
B) Heavy and continuous rains flood the land,submerging habitats.
C) Lightning strikes a tree and begins a fire that clears the land.
D) Ticks infesting moose weaken the moose's health and reproductive success.
E) Frigid temperatures flow into the area,causing hypothermia and death.
G) A) and E)
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A) by feeding algae the components needed to produce silk as waste
B) by inserting the silk gene into the DNA of algae for expression
C) by extracting the same silk compound from the algae cell wall
D) by using enzymes from algae to synthesize the silk protein
E) by removing the gene that inhibits silk synthesis is algae
G) C) and D)
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A) the establishment of a small colony of nonhuman primates on an isolated island off the coast of Africa
B) the introduction of a new predator that rapidly decreases the population of nonvenomous snakes on a Caribbean island
C) the formation of a land bridge between two barrier islands in South Carolina allowing for interbreeding between two populations of salamanders
D) the inbreeding and increased incidence of disease among captive Bengal tigers in zoos throughout the world
E) the annual migration of birds to a common mating ground in Mexico from geographically distinct locations
G) C) and D)
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A) Prokarya
B) Eukarya
C) Bacteria
D) Cyanokarya
E) Archaea
G) A) and E)
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A) protein and ribosome
B) codon and ribosome
C) protein and DNA
D) codon and anticodon
E) DNA and chromosome
G) C) and E)
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A) total number of neutrons in orbitals
B) total number of electrons in orbitals
C) number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus
D) number of protons in the outermost energy shell
E) number of electrons in the inner most energy shell
G) None of the above
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A) to produce ATP in the citric acid cycle
B) to generate ATP and lactic acid
C) to facilitate fermentation of NAD+
D) to move NADH through electron transport
E) to produce NAD+ from NADH
G) B) and C)
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A) Plants absorb wavelengths of light that our eyes perceive as green.
B) Green light has more energy than any other wavelength of visible light.
C) Red light has a longer wavelength and less energy than blue light.
D) Plants reflect wavelengths of light that our eyes cannot detect.
E) In the absence of visible light,photosynthesis proceeds with infrared wavelengths.
G) A) and E)
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